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Katrina G. Figgett Potomac Falls High School November 2006 What is MLA Format? Described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Used in Psychology and other sciences Covers: content organization writing style references What is Different about APA Format? Write to a strict format Simple sentence structure Use third person Never use the words “proof” or “proves”, instead use phrases such as “the evidence supports…” General Layout Typed and double-spaced Margins of 1” on all sides Title page Number pages in top right corner preceded by a running head (a shortened form of the title) Page numbering begins with the title page Use only one space after punctuation marks Title Page The title page must contain the following information: Header Page number Title – centered in middle of page Author’s name Place of research The title page is always page 1, and the pages are numbered sequentially.If the paper is to be published, the running head (a shortened form of the title), is stated on the title page as shown. Teenage Anxiety 1 Running Head: TEENAGE ANXIETY Teenage Anxiety and Peer Pressure John A. Doe Potomac Falls High School Sections for a Science Report Title page Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Why use APA Format? Consistency Crossreferencing Credibility Accountability Avoids plagiarism Parenthetical Citations Use When: Quoting words not your own, i.e. repeating word for word in quotation marks Summarizing facts from another source Paraphrasing a source Provide: Author’s last name and year of publication in the text Full citation information in the Works Cited list Parenthetical Citation Examples Monroe (1996) states that “phobics need to learn about their mental health problem”. Or Before they use self help methods “phobics need to learn about their mental health problem” (Monroe, 1996). Handling Citations in Text If there are two authors cite both names for every reference Brown and Smith (2005) found or in a recent study (Brown & Smith, 2005) If there are more than two, cite them all for the first reference and then use the first author followed by et al. Brown, Smith and Davis (2006) found then Brown et al. (2006) found If there are more than six, cite only the first followed by et al. Handling Citations in Text If you reference a work more than once within a paragraph do not include the year in the parenthetical citation as long as the work cannot be confused with any other If the source has no author use an abbreviated form of the title i.e. “Bridges and Borders Diversity in America” cite as (“Bridges and Borders,” 1994) If you are citing from a specific part of a book remember to include the chapter or page number after the date (Brown & Smith, 2006, p.324) Reference Page Separate page Titled – References First line of entry flush with the margin – subsequent lines indented Double spaced Alphabetize by the first word in each entry – usually author’s last name Reference Page Monograph Author(s) [ Last name, initials, and, last name, initials]. (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher. Monroe, J. (1996). Phobias: Everything you wanted to know, but were afraid to ask. Springfield, N.J.: Enslow. Reference Page Article on Website Author [last name, initials]. (Date of .Publication). Title of article.Title of periodical, volume number (issue number). Retrieved month day, year, from http://web address. Benson, P.L., & Roehlkepartain, E. (1993, March). Youth violence in middle America. Midwest forum, 3(1). Retrieved February 24, 2004, from http://www.ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/envrnmnt/drugfree/3-1youth.htm Reference Page Online Databases Follow the format appropriate for the work retrieved Add a retrieval statement giving the date and the name of the database Retrieved month day, year, from (name of) database References Periodical Author(s). (Year, month,day of publication) Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number, pages. Leary, M. (2004,July/August). Get over yourself! Psychology Today, 37, 62-65. Where to Find More Information • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. • OWL website: http://owl.english.purdue.edu • www.dianahacker.com • www.apastyle.org • APA crib sheet Bibliography Baron, A. (2003). Bud’s easy research paper computer manual (5th ed.). (2001). Larchmont, NY: Lawrence House Publishers Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). (2001). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Purdue University. (2004). Using American Psychological Association (APA) format (updated to 5th edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006 from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r _apa.html.
