Download Cellular Energy

Ch. 8 Photosynthesis & Cellular
Respiration
SB. 3a SB 4b
What is Significant about Autotrophs & Why are they Important to
Heterotrophs?
What are the Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis? How about
Cellular Respiration?
What is the Relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration?
Compare and Relate the Chloroplast with Mitochondrion!!
Click on a lesson name to select.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy
Transformation of Energy
 Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and
transformation of energy in the universe.
Laws of Thermodynamics
 First law—energy can be converted from one form
to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.
 Second law—energy cannot be converted without
the loss of usable energy.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
 Autotrophs - organisms that make their own
food. Aka producers
 Heterotrophs - organisms that need to ingest
food to obtain energy. Aka consumers
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
Metabolism- All of the chemical reactions in a cell
 Photosynthesis—light energy from the sun is
converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
 Cellular respiration—organic molecules are
broken down to release energy for use by the cell
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy
 ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) releases
energy when the bond
between the second and
third phosphate groups
is broken, forming a
molecule called
adenosine diphosphate
(ADP) and a free
phosphate group.
ATP
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.2 Photosynthesis
Overview of Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis occurs in two phases.
 Light-dependent reactions
 Light-independent reactions
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.2 Photosynthesis
Phase One: Light Reactions
 The absorption of light is the first step in
photosynthesis.
 Thylakoids are found in Chloroplasts where the
light energy is captured.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.2 Photosynthesis
Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle/Dark Reaction
 In the second
phase of
photosynthesis,
called the Calvin
cycle, energy is
stored in organic
molecules such
as glucose.
This occurs in
the stroma.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration
 Organisms obtain energy in a process called
cellular respiration.
 The equation for cellular respiration is the
opposite of the equation for photosynthesis.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Cellular Respiration
 Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts.
 Glycolysis -anaerobic
 Kreb Cycle/Electron transport chainAerobic
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
 Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm
through the process of glycolysis.
Krebs Cycle
 The series of reactions in which pyruvate is
broken down into carbon dioxide is called the
Krebs cycle.
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.3 Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport
 Final step in the breakdown of glucose
 Point at which ATP is produced
 Produces 24 ATP
Photosynthesis uses the energy of
sunlight to produce sugars and other
organic molecules. These molecules in
turn serve as food for other organisms. All
organisms carry out respiration, a process
that uses O2 to form CO2 from the same
carbon atoms that had been taken up as
CO2 and converted into sugars by
photosynthesis. In the process, organisms
obtain the chemical bond energy that they
need to survive.