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Fish
Classification
• Kingdom- Animalia
• Phylum- Chordata
• Sub Phylum- Vertebrata
• Classes- Agnatha,
Chondrichthyes,
Osteichthyes
Agnatha
Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish
Chondricthyes
Cartilagenous Fish: Shark, Ray
Osteichthyes
Bony Fish:
Salmon,
Carp, Tuna
Fish Characteristics
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Gills
Backbone (vertebrae)
Paired Fins
Single Loop Circulation
Fish Anatomy
Fins
Fish Respiration
• Water flows over Gills as fish
opens mouth and swims.
• Water flows opposite direction of
blood flow.
• O2 diffuses from the water into
the blood.
• Gills are made of thousands of
gill filaments.
• Gills are covered by the
Operculum.
Fish Circulation
• Fish heart has 2 chambers
• Single loop circulation
• Blood flows into gills, picks up O2, goes
to the body, returns to the heart.
Fish Reproduction
• Most Fish reproduce sexually, and fertilize
their eggs externally (Sharks-internally).
• Spawning is the process of fertilizing eggs.
• Baby fish are called FRY.
Chondrichthyes
• Sharks are adapted for a predatory
lifestyle.
• Cartilage skeletons, stiff pectoral fins
(speed).
• No operculum, must keep moving to
breathe.
• Have live births.
• Special scales feel like sandpaper.
• Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow
water, have mouths located on the
underside, are fairly docile, wide flat
bodies and wing-like fins that are
flexible.
Types of Agnathans
• Hagfish- Ocean
scavengers, not much is
known about them.
• Lamprey- fresh and salt
water, they are parasitic
and prey on other fish.
* Both have cartilagenous
skeletons and sucker-like
mouths.
Types of Chondrichthyes
• Sharks and Rays- have
no operculum and must
keep moving to breathe.
• Have different kinds of
scales that is more like
sandpaper.
• Have skeletons made of
cartilage not bones.
Types of Osteichthyes
Ray Finned:
– Most fish are this type
– Fins are supported by bony
structures called Rays.
– Teleosts are the most advanced form
of ray finned fish (symmetrical tails
and mobile fins).
Lobe Finned:
– Fins are long, fleshy, muscular,
supported by central core of bones.
– Thought to be ancestors of
amphibians.
– Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish
Fish Adaptations
• Lateral Line System- used to detect
vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line
of cells running down the side of the fish.
• Operculum- gill cover, movement of
operculum allows more water to be drawn in.
• Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the
fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a
swim bladder!
• Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal.
Adaptations
Air Bladder
Fins
Operculum
Gills
Lateral
Line