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Fungi
Shannon, Celina &
Katelyn
Types of Fungi
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Mushrooms
Rusts
Smuts
Puffballs
Truffles
Morals
Molds
Yeasts
Other unknown organisms
Different Types of Fungi
Fungi in General
• Composed of heterotrophic unicellular and
multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms.
• They have a complex cell structure.
• They absorb nutrients instead of ingesting
them.
• Most species are terrestrial.
• There are more than 100 000 different
species of fungi.
Anatomy of the Shiitake Mushroom
• Made of filaments called hyphae.
• In large fungi, hyphae interlace to form a
tissue called mycelium which then form
the mushroom. The mycelium grows
underground or within decaying wood.
• Initially the fungus emerges as a button
which may be covered by a membrane
known as the universal veil.
The Shiitake Mushroom
Anatomy of Yeast
• Yeast is eukaryotic so it has similar inside
a plant or animal cell, but without the high
percentage of non-coding DNA.
• They have thick cell walls made of chitin.
• It uses DNA template for protein synthesis
and it has a larger ribosomes.
• Yeast also has cells made of hyphae.
Physiology of the Mushroom
• Mushrooms have cells with two nuclei in
each.
• These nuclei fuse together as the
mushroom grows.
• Mushrooms do not have chloroplast
because they cannot do photosynthesis.
Physiology of Yeast
• Yeast has two nuclei in each cell.
• When two different strains of hyphae
meet, they fuse together and when they
divide, produce 4 new nuclei; one for each
new cell.
Different Types of Yeast
Locomotion of the Mushroom
• Mushrooms can only move by spreading
over acres of land by growing.
• Other than that they are completely unable
to move.
• In order to move to another location,
passing insects pick up their spores and
carry them to another spot. There the
spores will be “planted” in the ground and
the cycle of a mushroom will begin.
Locomotion of Yeast
• Yeast has none of the usual organelles
which other microscopic organisms use to
move.
Diet and Digestion of the
Mushroom
• Mushrooms are decomposers that feed on
dead plant and animal matter.
• They break down matter by secreting
powerful enzymes.
• They start growing under the ground,
getting energy by the nutrients of the soil,
and when the conditions are right, they
sprout above ground.
Diet and Digestion of Yeast
• Yeast gets it’s food from glucose.
• They digest food by giving off carbon
dioxide and alcohol.
Exertion of the Mushroom
• The threads of the mycelium exert
digestive juices.
• The mycelium are fine threads in the
mushroom that take in and release
nutrients.
• They also exert wastes by diffusion.
Exertion of Yeast
• Yeast ferments sugars and gives off CO2
and alcohol. When you add yeast to dough
(bread) it will rise because the CO2 from
the yeast gets trapped in tiny bubbles in
the dough, which in the end is what
causes the dough to rise.
Circulation
• The circulation of the yeast and mushroom
are the same.
• They are single celled so they don’t have a
circulatory system.
• They are small enough to remove wastes
and to obtain their own oxygen.
• Diffusion is what distributes substances
inside the cell.
Respiration of the Mushroom
• Mushrooms undergo cellular respiration.
• After harvested, mushrooms still have a
high rate of respiration.
• Cooling slows down respiration, so the
mushroom stays fresh longer.
Fungi
Respiration of Yeast
• Yeast go through both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is not
present it will break down the glucose into
alcohol and two ATP ( anaerobic
respiration).
Life Cycle of the Mushroom
• Spores are released into the environment,
and they land somewhere.
• When the conditions are good, the spores
send out tiny threads of hyphae.
• The hyphae has to find compatible
hyphae, which starts to grow into a
mushroom.
Life Cycle of Yeast
• They reproduce both asexually and
sexually.
• They undergo a life cycle of mitosis and
growth.
Interesting Facts About the
Mushroom
• Basidiomycota – Mushrooms
• Some mushrooms boast cancer fighting
properties.
• There are over 2 million species of mushrooms.
• A single adult mushroom will drop as many as
16 billion spores.
• Early Romans referred to them as “Food of the
Gods.”
• They have been used in Chinese Medicine for
years.
Uses of Fungi
Interesting Facts About Yeast
• Saccharomyces Cerevisae – yeast
• Yeast is woken up when water is mixed with it.
• 10 to 20 yeast cells could fit on the end of a
piece of hair.
• Yeast was used before writing was invented.
• Yeast can be taken as a vitamin.
• Yeast reproduces so quickly it has evolved into
something completely different than what we
had 1 thousand years ago.
Interesting facts about Yeast
• Saccharomyces Cerevisiae – Brewers
Yeast
• Ascomycota – Yeast
• They are one of the most important fungi.
• They are the reason why bread rises and
without them there would be no possible
way to make alcohol.
• Yeasts help the circulation of our blood.