Download LECTURE 19 CHARISMA

Chapter 9
Charismatic and
Transformational
Leadership
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Summary of Lecture 16, 17
Group VS Team
Types of Groups
Group Development Stages
Group Think
Social Loafing
Building successful team
Team Leader role
Team Creativity
Team Decision Making
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Summary of Lecture 18
Nature of self-managed teams.
Difference between traditional team & SMT.
Benefits of SMT.
Challenges of implementing SMT effectively.
Guidelines for improving SMT effectiveness.
Stages of group development.
Role of team facilitator in SMT.
Distributed leadership in SMT.
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Learning Objectives
Charisma and Charismatic Leadership
Max Weber on charismatic leadership.
Locus of charismatic leadership.
Personal Meanings Purpose of Life
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Introduction
Exemplary leader having extraordinary effect on personal
lives, society, culture, economic and political system
Focus on collective interest instead of self interest
Great influence and commitment to vision
Create strong sense of commitment and excitement to
generate self sacrifice and work for visionary future
Work beyond call of duty
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Weber’s Charismatic
Leadership
Influence based on follower perceptions that
the leader is endowed with the gift of divine
inspiration or supernatural qualities.
Charisma a fire that ignite followers
Heroism, revolutionary ideals, inspire and build confidence,
“Charisma is distinct social relationship between the leader and
follower, in which leader present revolutionary idea, a transcendent
image or ideal... while the follower accept this course of action not
because of its rational likelihood of success but because of an
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effective belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader”
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
CHARISMA
Charisma is Greek word means “divinely inspired”
The process of influencing major changes in the attitudes and
assumptions of organization members, and building
commitment for the organization’s objectives
The special quality that gives someone power and authority
over a large number of people
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Model of Personal Meaning and
Charismatic Leadership
Leader
Personal
Meaning
Leader
Behavior
Attributions of
Charismatic
Leadership
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Personal Meaning
Meaningfulness and purpose of life
“The degree to which people’s lives make emotional sense
and that the demands confronted by them are perceived as
being worthy of energy and commitment.”
Personal meaning a great force of motivation
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Sources of
Personal Meaning
Self-concept/identity
Selflessness
Legacy
Activist mindset (social services)
Altruism
Culture and traditions
Political/social orientation
Spirituality and religion
Hobbies/personal pursuits (open or close minded, high or low
risk takers)
Values/ideals
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Locus of Charismatic Leadership
1) Is Charisma result of 1) situation 2) leader's qualities and 3)
interaction of situation and qualities?
Argument in favor: Charismatic leadership does not work until
society is in crises, stressful situation, in state of deprivation,
or inequality
2) Is charisma based on extraordinary qualities not on
situation?
For Example: Quaid-e-Azam
Charismatic leader build personal meaning of followers, give
purpose to their lives especially in time of crises
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
More Modern Theories state that
Charisma may result from
The situation or social climate facing the leader
The leader’s extraordinary qualities
An interaction of the situation and the leader’s qualities
This view is gaining credibility
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Attribution Variables
of Leader Charisma
Leader behavior depends on personal meaning and purpose
of life
Attribution of charisma depend on these behavioral variables
1) Discrepancy gap between status quo & the vision
2) Vision articulation (positive image of future and negative
image of current situation, unacceptable present situation) &
Role modeling (self sacrifice, love, dedication toward cause)
3) Use of unconventional strategies
4) Realistic assessment of resource needs & constraints
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Vision Content
and Context
Nature of the status quo
Nature of the future vision
Manner future vision will remove discontent &
provide fulfillment of follower hopes
Plan of action for realizing vision
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Charisma and Unconventional
Behavior
To transcend the existing order
Evoke sentiments of adoration
Exemplifies heroism, personal risk, & self-sacrifice
Counter to the norm
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Charisma & Resource Needs
Assessment
Very good strategists
Perform realistic resource & constraint
assessments
Sensitive to capabilities & emotional needs of
followers
Align strategies & capabilities to insure
transformation
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Effects of Charismatic Leadership
Charismatic leadership is defined in relation to influence of leader on
followers or relationship between leaders and followers
Trust in “rightness” of vision
Similarity of followers’ & leader’s beliefs & values
Heightened sense of self-confidence
Acceptance of higher or challenging goals
Identification with & emulation of leader
Unconditional acceptance of leader
Strong affection for leader
Emotional involvement
Unquestioned loyalty
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
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Visionary
Self
Promoting
Empowers
Others
Self
Confidence
Moral
Conviction
Verbal
Skills
Inspires
Trust
Charismatic
Leader
Characteristics
Minimum
Internal
Conflict
High Risk
Orientation
High Energy
Action
Orientation
Relational
Power
Base
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
VISION
The ability to imagine different and better
conditions and ways to achieve them
Future orientation
See the difference in how things are and how
they should be
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS
Great rhetorical skills
Especially oral
Can speak about the vision and make the
followers “see it”
Think of MLK,Jr’s “I Have A Dream” speech
Writing, while important, is not as powerful
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
SELF CONFIDENCE & MORAL
CONVICTION
Unshakable self confidence
Passed on to followers
True faith in the “cause”
Strong moral beliefs
Willingness to sacrifice
Self & followers
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
TRUST
Followers have total trust and belief in the
leader and the “cause”
Show commitment to followers, who return it
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
ACCEPT RISK
Willing to be at great personal risk
Professionally
Physically
Willing to risk the followers
Use unconventional (risky) strategies &
methods to achieve goals
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
HIGH ENERGY & ACTION
ORIENTATION
Show emotion in what they do
Leads to high energy
Take action
Serve as role models for followers
Who show high energy to emulate the leader
Who take actions the leader wants
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
RELATIONAL POWER
Charismatic leaders have high referent and
expert power
Followers feel
Awe, trust, identification, devotion, common
beliefs, unquestioning acceptance, affection
Emotional Bond
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
ABILITY TO MINIMIZE INTERNAL
CONFLICT
Through strength of belief
With referent power
Due to follower belief in the leader and the
cause
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
WILLINGNESS & ABILITY TO
EMPOWER
Know they need the efforts & ideas of others
Let the subordinate leaders do those things
they are able to do
Often take credit for followers’ ideas and
efforts
Encourage followers to take more
responsibility
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
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SELF-PROMOTING
Beat their own drums
Campaign for “the cause”
Explain their vision to all who will listen or read
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Discussion Questions
Discussion Question 1: What are leading characteristics of
charismatic leaders?
Question 2: Why is the theory of charisma described as a
double-edged sword?
Discussion Question 3: Can you give example of Charismatic
leaders who make their case through charismatic personality,
vision and excellent communication?
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Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Learning Objectives
Charisma and Charismatic Leadership
Max Weber on charismatic leadership.
Locus of charismatic leadership.
Personal Meanings Purpose of Life
30
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning