Download in case

Unit 1 Fighting with
the Forces of Nature
Text A The Icy Defender
Nila B. Smith

Selected vocabulary :

In the case of
Stand/get/be in the way
Raw
Launch
Engage
Gamble
Minus
Stroke
Weaken
Instruct
Render
Offensive
Thanks to
Reckon
Toll














in the case of: as far as …is concerned

The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.

We tend to think of these people as untrustworthy, but that is not the case
(= the fact).
the case = the fact











in that case:在那种情况下，既然那样
If you hate the job, in that case, you’d better quit.
in any case: 无论如何，总之
I will go there in any case.
in no case:无论如何都不
I will go there in no case.
(just) in case:以防万一（发生…）
You’d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it rains)=in case of rain.
a case in point:例证，恰好的例子
Williams' career is a case in point (=a clear example of something that
you are discussing or explaining)
Stand/get/be in the way prevent from doing sth.

 Many teachers complain that they can’t make any improvement in teaching
methods as the existing exam system is in the way.

许多老师抱怨现行的考试体系使他们无法改进教学方法

 I don’t think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps
getting in the way of their development.

我觉得现在的孩子没有我们当初乐趣那么多，因为激烈的竞争阻碍了他们的发展。

Drill：other phrases with way
1. Oh, by the way (used to introduce a new topic) have you heard from Bill
lately?
2. We decided to take a shortcut instead of going by way of (by going
through) the lobby.
3. The old houses were knocked down to make way for (provide space for)
a new office building.
4. Although he is very busy, he went out of his way (take the trouble to do)
to help me.
5. My new evidence forced him to
(to admit defeat).
give way






区别：way street road highway expressway avenue path trail
sidewalk/pavement
raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed

The events took place on a raw February morning.
事情发生在一个阴冷的二月早晨
This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.
这个砧板只用来切生肉
the raw material 原材料
raw data 原始数据

熟虾/分类广告/加工品/抛光地板/修订稿

Cooked shrimp/classified ads/processed products/polished floor/revised paper





launch: start; send sth on tis course






Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore
other planets.
20世纪60年代早期， 人类就开始发射探测器探索其他星球
1957年10月4日，苏联科学家们发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星。
On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first
artificial satellite.
Hitler’s advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of
launching a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until
spring.
希特勒的军师们试图劝阻他冬天进攻苏联，风险大，让他等到春天。
engage: begin fighting with sb., take part in or do; occupy or attract
sb’s interest , etc










The commander ordered the soldiers to engage for our
project. 指挥官命令士兵们执行我们的方案
We failed to engage any active support for our project.
我们的方案没能得到积极的支持
engage (sb.) in sth.: cause to take part in sth
他们目前正进行漫长的商业谈判
They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.
The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.
老师试图让这个害羞的男孩开始交谈。
be engaged to sb 订婚
engagement n. 订婚
fiance
fiancee
take a gamble: take a risk




She’s taking a gamble investing all her money in
stocks. She knows an efficient and reliable broker is
crucial to her wealth growth.
她冒着风险把所有的钱都买了股票。她知道要赚关键是要
有个高效可靠的经纪人。
gambler 赌徒
gambling house 赌场
minus: below zero; made less by; slightly
lower than the mark stated
Tomorrow’s temperature will be as low as
minus ten degrees centigrade.
 明天温度低至零下10摄氏度。

20 plus 10 is 30.
 2 multiplied by/times 3 is 6.
 30 divided by 3 is 10.

calculation events
name an event in that specific year
30÷2 ＋ 4 ×100 ＋ 50 － 5 =

1945
 2) 50 － 10 ÷ 1 × 30 ＋ 800 ＋ 1 =

2001
 3) 10,000 － 100 ÷ 50 × 5 ＋ 1007 =

1997
 1)
stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; single successful or
effective action or occurrence ; blow 中风







 I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke.(一下子)
他一锤子把钉子敲进去了
He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.
He cried out at each stroke of the whip.
每抽一鞭子他都喊
a backhand stroke 反手击球
He won a car in the lottery last week. That is his first stroke of
good luck.
weaken v. cause to become weak or weaker












 weaken one’s willpower 削弱意志
Suffix -en
strengthen the body
强壮身体
broaden the horizons
扩宽眼界
sharpen a knife
磨刀
tighten the collar
紧紧领子
loosen the grip
松开手
fasten seat belts
系紧安全带
加深理解
deepen the understanding
震耳欲聋
deafen the ears
涂黑空格
blacken the space
缩短距离
shorten the distance
instruct: give orders or directions to sb






— The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson
for compensation.
一家人已经委托律师向汤姆森提出赔偿诉讼。
— The professor instructed us that we had one month to
conduct the project.
教授指示我们有一个月的时间完成项目
— He instructed family members in nursing techniques.
instructor n. 教师, <美>讲师
render:

1) cause sb or sth to be in a specified condition (same as make)

— Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.
地震使上千人无家可归
他后颈上挨了一下 失去了知觉
— He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.
— He was rendered almost speechless by the news.
这个消息使他简直无话可说






2) [fml] to give something to someone or do something, because it is
your duty or because someone expects you to 给予；提供

— an obligation to render assistance to those in need
有义务给那些需要帮助的人提供帮助
— a bill of $3200 for services rendered (=for something you have done)
提供的服务共收费$3200
— I needed you to hear me out and render advice.
我要你听我说并要建议





offensive:





n. aggressive action, attack
— A major offensive was launched on August 22. 8月22日发起总攻
adj. 1) very rude or insulting, unpleasant 讨厌的, 无礼的
— He made crude jokes that are offensive to women.
他说的笑话对女性无礼

— There is an offensive smell in the room. 屋里有种难闻的味道
2) [only before noun] for attacking 攻击性的
— Jan was convicted of possessing an offensive weapon.
简因持有非法武器而被定罪
— The troops took up offensive positions.
部队占领了有攻击性的地势

offend vt. 冒犯





thanks to: because of










— Thanks to her financial support, the two children in the remote
village could go to school.
多亏她的资助，两个偏远农村孩子才能上学
— Some ski resorts opened early, thanks to a late-October
snowstorm.
幸亏十月末的一场雪，某些滑雪场才得以提早开放。
Usage: More ways of saying “because of”:
— We stayed inside on account of the rain.
— His failure was due to his lack of work.
(=He failed owing to his lack of work).
He kicked the door out of bad temper.
We lost the game through poor play.
reckon: count; consider; think 认为，计算











The existence of the U. S. is reckoned from the Declaration of
Independence.
人们认为美国这个国家是从发表《独立宣言》算起的
许多人认为他是一个伟大的垒球手
Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.
Looking up at the sun, I reckoned that it must be about three o’clock.
我抬头看看太阳，觉得一定有三点了
be reckoned with: be taken into consideration
— All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.
所有问题一出现就必须考虑
这个赛季巴塞罗那的力量不可忽视
— Barcelona will be a force to be reckoned with this season.
toll : the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular
circumstances ; money paid for the use of a bridge or road









The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise.
公路上交通伤亡数目在上升
 The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the
roads.
允许当地政府收道路使用费
take its/ a toll: cause damage; injuries or deaths ( often followed by of/on)
High wages have taken their toll on the Swedish economy.
高薪使瑞典的经济受损。
他工作过于努力伤到了胃
 His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach.
fill in proper adverbs: on off up down in out away








1) How much longer is the meeting going to drag on ?
2) The practice of children working in factories has
nearly died out .
3) I’ve been hammering away at the problem all
afternoon.
4) The ring has been handed down in my family for
generations.
5) All the windows were locked up tight.
6) Our school authorities are keen to press on with
educational reform.
7) The tide is coming in so don’t stay on the sand
too long.
8) Some trapped animals bite off their legs to
escape.

 Discussion:
Man or nature, which is more
powerful?
Napoleon Bonaparte
1. A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte
2. The Battle of Waterloo
A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769−1821)
Emperor of the French, who
consolidated and institutionalized many
reforms of the French Revolution. One
of the greatest military commanders of
all time, he conquered the larger part of
Europe.
During 1802--1815 Napoleon tried to
gain control of the whole of Europe. He
had great success against all his
enemies except Britain, whose navy
under Nelson defeated the French navy
at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and
whose army fought the Peninsular War
against him from 1808 to 1814, making
him weaker in his other campaigns.
Nelson
A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte
In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in
winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians
entered Paris. They sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the
Mediterranean, but he collected an army around him and returned to
Paris. He was soon defeated again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815,
and was sent to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic, where he
died in 1821.
the Battle of Trafalgar
the Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo is the final and decisive action of the Napoleonic Wars, which
effectively ended French domination of the European continent and brought about drastic
changes in the political boundaries and the power balance of Europe. Fought on June 18,
1815, near Waterloo, in what is now Belgium, the battle ranks as a great turning point in
modern history.
World War II
1. Chronology of the War
2. A Brief Introduction to the War
3. Adolf Hitler
4. Joseph Stalin
Chronology of the War
Date
September
1, 1939
Event
The Second World War in Europe started
with German armies pouring across the
Polish frontier.
April, 1940
Denmark and Norway were conquered.
Hitler’s troops drove into France and
May 10, 1940 within the following six weeks, Holland,
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
had
surrendered as had France.
June 22, 1941 Hitler launched his long-term attack on the
Soviet Union.
September, 1942 A decisive battle was fought at Stalingrad,
~February, 1943 which was the turning point of the war.
2-1
Chronology of the War
Date
Event
The U. S. A. entered the war after
December, 1941 Japanese planes bombed the American
naval base at Pearl Harbor.
American, British and Canadian forces
June 6, 1944 landed in Normandy and opened the
second front in Europe.
May 2, 1945
The Soviet army took Berlin.
May 7, 1945
Germany surrendered.
2-2
A Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (1889? 1945): German political
and military leader and one of the 20th
century's most powerful dictators. Hitler
converted Germany into a fully militarized
society and launched World War II in 1939.
He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his
propaganda and policies and built the Nazi
Party into a mass movement. He hoped to
conquer the entire world, and for a time
dominated most of Europe and much of
North Africa. He instituted sterilization and
euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of
racial purity among the German people and
slaughtered millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma
(Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others,
all of whom he considered inferior.
II
■
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin (1879? 1953):
General secretary of the Communist
Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) (1922? 1953) and
chairman of the Council of Ministers of
the USSR (1941? 1953). Under his
leadership the USSR was built into a
modern economic and military power that
repelled Hitler's armies in World War II
and rivaled the United States during the
Cold War period.
II
■
Part Division of the Text
Part
1
2
3
4
Lines
1~12
Main Ideas
Introduction -- Both Napoleon’s and
Hitler’s military campaigns failed
because of the severity of the Russian
winter.
13~62 Napoleon’s military campaign against
Russia.
Hitler’s military campaign against the
63~113 Soviet Union.
Conclusion -- The elements of nature
114~117 must be reckoned with in any military
campaign.
True or False
1. “The icy defender” refers to the Russian river. ( F )
“The icy defender” refers to the bleak Russian winter.
2. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia
as they had expected. ( F )
To Napoleon’s surprise, the Russians refused to stand and
fight. They retreated eastward, burning their crops and
homes as they went.
3. Napoleon didn’t capture the capital of Russia. ( F )
Napoleon captured the capital of Russia: Moscow.
2-1
True or False
4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the
largest military land campaign in history. ( T )
5. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they
entered Russia. ( F )
Stalin instructed the Russian people to burn and destroy
farms and factories.
6. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the strong
resistance from Russian people. ( F )
Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the severe winter
in Russia.
2-2
Questions and Answers
1. What happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army when it was
retreating from Moscow?
The Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French
from fields and forests. On the other hand, the temperature
dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius and Napoleon’s army
didn’t have enough clothes, food and shelter.
2. Why didn’t the Russian people defend their homeland in
the face of Napoleon’s offensive?
They would like to take advantage of their nature situation to
fight for them.
3-1
Questions and Answers
3. What tactics did Hitler use in his invasion of the Soviet
Union?
He planned to use the tactics called blitzkrieg, or “lightning
war”, which had defeated the rest of Europe.
4. What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad?
It was one of the most important battles. It ended Germany's
ongoing offensive against the Soviet Union, and along with
the second Battle of El Alamein paved the way for Nazi
Germany's eventual defeat.
3-2
Questions and Answers
5. What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleon’s
and Hitler’s military campaigns?
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any
military campaign.
3-3
Text analysis
Text Analysis
A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions
Invading country
Country invaded
France
Germany
Russia
Soviet Union
Starter of war
Napoleon
Hitler
Starting time of
invasion
Spring, 1812
6/22/1941
Strength of invading
force
Prediction
600,000
the largest land
campaign in
history
quick victory,
Blitzkrieg (lightning
conquest of Russia war), lasting no
in 5 weeks
longer than 3 months
3-1
Text Analysis
A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions
refusing to stand and “scorch the earth”,
Initial resistance fight; retreating
fierce fight to defend
strategy
eastwards, burning
major cities
crops and homes
Capture of the
Russian capital
yes
no
Major battles
Smolensk, Borodino, Leningrad, Stalingrad
the Berezina River
Truce offer
by Napoleon, rejected
by the Czar
no
3-2
Text Analysis
A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions
Biggest enemy
for the invading
force
Turning point
Fate of the
invading force
War-starter’s
fate
snow, freezing
temperature
heavy rain, “General
Mud”, snow, freezing
temperature
October 1812 when 1943, when the Soviet
Napoleon ordered a troops pushed the
retreat
German forces back
only 100, 000
survived
Napoleon abdicated
and went into exile,
his empire at an end
heavy losses
Hitler committed
suicide, his empire
collapsing
3-3
The Icy Defender
1
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French,
led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the
fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their
homeland. He was prepared for the long march across
Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not
prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
2
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched
an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was
called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled.
The Icy Defender
1
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French,
led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the
fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their
homeland. He was prepared for the long march across
Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not
prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
2
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched
1. What is “the devastating enemy” of Napoleon?
an attack against
the bitter,
Sovietbleak
Union,
as Russia
was
 “The raw,
Russian
winter”then
is in apposition
called. Hitler’s
military
might was
unequaled.
to “the
devastating
enemy”.
“That met him in Moscow” is an
attributive clause used to modify “enemy”.
2. Translate it into Chinese.
 他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。他准备
好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯
科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌 —— 俄罗斯阴冷
凄苦的寒冬。
The Icy Defender
1
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French,
led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the
fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their
homeland. He was prepared for the long march across
Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not
prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
2
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched
an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was
called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled.
The Icy Defender
1
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French,
led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the
fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their
homeland. He was prepared for the long march across
Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not
prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
2
In 1941, Adolf
Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched
翻译：希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was
called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled.
His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of
Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon
before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter
again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
Napoleon’s Campaign
3
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon
assembled an army of six hundred
thousand men on the borders of
Russia. The soldiers were well
trained, efficient, and well equipped.
This military force was called the
Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a
quick victory, predicted the conquest
of Russia in five weeks.
His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of
Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon
 to destroy in great numbers as if
before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter
in battle (铲除; 摧毁).
again came to the aid of cutting
the Sovietdown
soldiers.
Napoleon’s Campaign
3
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon
assembled an army of six hundred
thousand men on the borders of
Russia. The soldiers were well
trained, efficient, and well equipped.
This military force was called the
Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a
quick victory, predicted the conquest
of Russia in five weeks.
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon’s army crossed the Neman
River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon
expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians
refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward,
burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army
followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down
by slow-moving supply lines.
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at
Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each
side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into
Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory.
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon’s army crossed the Neman
River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon
expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians
refused
to stand
and
fight. Instead,
they retreated
☆ Please
pay
attention
to the structure
“to one’seastward,
+ abstract
burning
theirascrops
homes
as they went.
The Grand
Army
noun”,
in “to and
one’s
astonishment”,
“to one’s
delight”,
“to one’s
disappointment”,
“to one’s
embarrassment”.
followed,
but its advance
march
soon became bogged down
by slow-moving supply lines.
 See P19 Structure
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at
Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each
side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into
Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory.
8 Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and
quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October
1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
9 The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields
and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on
the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature
had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On
November 3, the winter’s first snow came. Exhausted horses
fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow.
Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and
froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the
dead along every mile.
☆ Some intransitive verbs like fall, lie, sit, drop and stand
can be followed by an adjective which describes the
subject of the sentence instead of the action of the
verb, as in:
Parasoon
6：By
nightfall,
8 Napoleon
realized
he thirty
couldthousand
not feed,French
clothe,and
andfortyfour thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on …
quarter his army
in Johnsy
Moscowfellduring
the ill,
winter.
In October
When
seriously
she seemed
to lose the
1812, he ordered
his Grand
to retreat
from Moscow.
will to hang
on toArmy
life. (The
Last Leaf)
Thisretreat
is not a
placeinto
in which
one so good
Miss
9 The French
turned
a nightmare.
Fromas
fields
should lielaunched
sick. (Thehit-and-run
Last Leaf) attacks on
and forests,Johnsy
the Russians
P 16
III distance
Usage from Moscow, the temperature
the French. A
short
had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On
November 3, the winter’s first snow came. Exhausted horses
fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow.
Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and
froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the
dead along every mile.
Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks
lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the
German offensive to a halt.
17 By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives.
In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east
to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along
the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give
up Stalingrad.
18
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With
little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German
troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until
January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred
thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving
soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the
tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the
Russian winter.
Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks
lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the
German offensive to a halt.
does
bring
the
tophrase
a halt:“turn
stop the
completely
tide (against)” mean?
17 By theWhat
summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives.
--Air traffic
in Poland
had like
been
brought
a halt(彻底改
by an
 It means
“change
what looks
defeat
intotovictory
In the south, 变形势，扭转潮流,
the Germans
captured
Sevastopol.
air traffic
controllers’
strike. Hitler then pushed east
反败为胜)
to Stalingrad, --The
a great
industrial
city
thatbrought
stretched
48by
kilometers
appearance
--Our
journey
of was
Joan
of
Arc turned
to afor
halt
the
tide
a storm.
of war.along
the Volga River.
Despite
suffering,turned
Sovietthe
defenders
refused
give
--The
victorygreat
in Stalingrad
tide of the
war intoEurope.
up Stalingrad.
18
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With
little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German
troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until
January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred
thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving
soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the
tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the
Russian winter.
After Reading
1. Useful Expressions
2. Blank Filling
4. Discussion
5. Talk about the Pictures
6. Proverbs and Quotations
Useful Expressions
1. 骄兵必败
pride comes before a fall
2. 战无不胜
nothing could stand in their way
3. 奋勇抵抗
fierce resistance
4. 堪称无敌
be unequaled
5. 痛苦的教训
a painful lesson
6. 速决速胜
a quick, decisive victory
3-1
Useful Expressions
7. 面临着一个重要抉择
be faced with a crucial decision
8. 孤注一掷
take the gamble
9. 激战
fierce battle
10. 等待时机
bide one’s time
11. 向…提出停战
offer a truce to
12. 成为一场噩梦
turn into a nightmare
3-2
Useful Expressions
13. 拖着脚步行进
drag on
14. 溃不成军的幸存者
the tattered survivors
15. 不宣而战
without a declaration of war
16. 闪电式战略
lightning war
17. “焦土”政策
“scorch the earth”
18. 处境变得危急
the situation becomes desperate
19. 食品匮乏
food runs out
3-3
Blank Filling
Fill in each blank in the following paragraph with the appropriate
words and phrases from the text.
invasion of
When Hitler decided to launch his __________
_____________
in the way
Russia, he thought that nothing could stand
Conquest , it seemed, was inevitable. He
of his armies. ________
_______ Stalin ___________
off his guard
had surprise on his side, catching
by launching
declaration of war. Hitler
________ his attack without a _________
campaign to last only a few months. In the
expected the _________
event, it was to drag
_______
on for much longer. Like Napoleon
_____
before him, he had made a fatal mistake in failing to reckon
___ the severity of the Russian weather. Many German
with
soldiers were to _______
die from the cold as winter set in,
_______
bringing the German advance _______
to a halt ．
Proverbs and Quotations
1. An army marches on its stomach.
兵马未动，粮草先行。
2. He that forecasts all perils, will never sail the sea.
担惊受怕者航不了海。/ 懦者事之贼。
3. Either by might or by sleight.
不动武，就斗智。