Download SS4H5 - Effingham County Schools

SS4H5
The student will
analyze the
challenges faced
by the new nation.
Review:
Gave Congress
the power to
declare war and
make peace
Created a weak
National
government
Could not
make the states
work together
Congress could
not set up an
army, control
trade, or
create taxes
Articles
Of
Confederation
Congress could
print and
borrow money
Congress could
organize new
territories
Essential Question:
• Why was the
Constitutional Convention
needed?
Vocabulary:
• federal
• -a system of government in which the states share
power with a central government
• republic
• - a government in which citizens elect leaders to
represent them
• Compromise
• -both sides give up something they want to settle a
disagreement
• Ratify
• - to officially accept
Constitutional Convention
• The American people began to see that the
Articles of Confederation needed to be
changed.
• Delegates from all the states except Rhode
Island met in Philadelphia for the
Constitutional
Convention of 1787.
Who was there?
• Only white, male, landowners could be a
delegate at the Constitutional Convention.
• No women, African Americans, American
Indians, or any man that did not own land,
took part in the convention.
Leaders of the Constitutional
Convention:
• James Madison was
a lawyer from Virginia
that called the meeting
together.
He arrived 2
weeks early so that he
could start planning
what needed to be
done.
He was known as the
Father of the Constitution
because he was a leading
member and he kept a very
detailed record of all the debates.
Benjamin Franklin
He was the oldest delegate
at the convention.
He urged others to be willing
to listen and convinced
them that the compromise
was important to a free
society.
He supported the ratification
of the Constitution.
George Washington
• He was the hero of
the Revolutionary War.
People rang bells and
cheered when they saw
him at the Convention.
Changes needed:
• The Articles did not give the Congress
enough power.
• Some delegates wanted a republic. They
thought it would protect citizen’s rights
because the citizens would elect the leaders
to represent them.
• Other delegates, like James Madison and
Washington, wanted a federal system where
the states would share power with the central
government, but the central government
would have more power.
The delegates agreed to create a Federal
System where states would share power
with the national (federal) government.
• State
Government
National
Government
Creating a New Government
• James Madison suggested that the
government should have three branches
(parts). His plan was called the Virginia
Plan.
• One branch-Congress- would make laws.
• The second branch would carry out the
laws.
• The third branch would settle legal
arguments.
Representation:
• The delegates accepted most of Madison’s Virginia
Plan except for the part that gives states
representation according to its population.
• Delegates from smaller
• states thought that this
• would give bigger states
• more power. They came up
• with the New Jersey Plan
• which would give each
• state one vote.
• Delegates argued about
• the two plans.
Virginia Plan
Congress based
On
population
The Great
Compromise
New Jersey
Plan gave each
State one vote
The Great Compromise
• The state delegates combined the two plans and
created the Great Compromise.
• The compromise said that Congress would have
two parts- The Senate and the House of
Representatives.
Virginia Plan
Congress based
On
population
Congress would
have two parts
The Great
Compromise
New Jersey
Plan gave each
State one vote
The Senate
gave each state
one vote
The House of
Representative
was based on
population
• The Great Compromise said Congress
would be split into two houses:
• The Senate- each state would have equal
representation
• The House of Representatives – each
state would be represented according to
the population.
Another issue:
• Southern delegates wanted to count
enslaved people as part of their
population.
• Northern delegates said they should not
be counted.
• The states came up with another
compromise called the Three Fifths Rule.
• It said that every five slaves would be
counted as three free people.