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Matter
Rajesh Gupta
University of California, San Diego.
Mr. Smith’s Class
All around us!
Matter takes up space!
Matter can be…
solids
Liquids
Gases
Matter can be simple
Water
Sugar
Paper
Matter can be complex
 A Candy Bar
 A Chair
 A Car
Characteristics of Matter:
 Flexibility
Texture
 Color
 Size
 Shape
 Weight
Matter can change from a

Solid to
A liquid
A liquid to…
a Gas
Matter changes by....
Heat
Cutting
Freezing
Bending
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Heat
Before…
After…
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Freezing
Before…
After…
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Cutting
Before…
After…
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Bending
Before…
After…
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So, Matter is what the world is
made of
 Things are ‘material’



Matter is a thing that takes up space
Immaterial things are not important
Can you think of a thing that is not matter?
 We have five senses

Touch, Taste, Smell, See, Hear
►All things we can experience with our
sense are material
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Matter can be in different
states
Solid
s
Liquids
Gasses
Energy
What happens when you cool solids?
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Solids
 Solids hold their own
shape.
 Solids have weight.
 Solids take up space.
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Liquids
 Liquids take the shape
of their container.
 Liquids have weight.
 Liquids take up space.
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Gasses
 Gasses spread out
to fill the entire
space given.
 Gasses have
weight.
 Gasses take up
space.
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Plasma
 Lightning is a plasma.
 Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
 Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically charged.
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STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move
from one state to another?
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Energy determines the state!
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Particles in Solids:
 Are packed tightly
together
 Have very little energy
 Can be pure elements or
compounds (a mixture)
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Solids: Mixtures & Crystals
 What is the difference between a rock,
concrete, diamond?
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Particles in Liquids:
 Are loosely packed
 Have medium energy
levels
 Take less effort to
compress than solids
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Particles in Gasses:
 Move freely
 Have LOTS of
energy
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Particles in Plasma:
 Are electrically
charged
 Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
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Mixtures may be in different
phases
 Solid?
 Liquid?
 Gas?
 Plasma?
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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
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What will happen? Why?
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Solid + Energy = ?
 When energy is
added to solids, they
become liquids!
 Examples?
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Liquid + Energy = ?
 When energy is
added to liquids, they
become gasses!
 What examples can
you think of?
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Changing States
 There are several names for matter changing
states:

State change

Phase change

Physical change
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Facts
 Matter is made of molecules

Which are made of atoms
 There are five known states of matter



Three: Solid, Liquid, Gas
Four: Plasma
Five: Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
 State changes can be


Physical: same molecules, less or more energy
Chemical: molecules are different
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Physical versus Chemical
Changes
 You can cause physical changes with



Forces like: motion, temperature, pressure
May change shape, texture, state of matter
Melting a sugar cube
 Chemical changes happen on a much
smaller scale


Change between molecules
Burning a sugar cube
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Not all molecules are alike!
 Energy levels may vary from one to the
next

Molecules on the surface of a liquid have
different energy levels
 Some liquid molecules may escape

EVAPORATION
 Evaporation increases with temperature

Decreases with pressure
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Credits
 Larraine N. Castleberry
 Provo Craft Hugware
 Chem4Kids.com
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