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THE MIDDLE AGES 2015 The Byzantine Empire Heirs of Rome Submitted to Gloucester Township Public School by Mr. C. Stephen Ingraham 10 CSI11 Social Studies Bk # ____ Full Name ___________________________ Mrs. Ross & Mr. Ingraham Date _________________ Middle Ages Table of Contents 1. Middle Ages Vocabulary 2. Middle Ages Song 3. “Justinian Looks to the Past” & “The Christian Church Divides” 4. “Herders and Townspeople” & “Mohammad and Islam” 5. “The Muslim Empire Grows” & “Divisions in The Muslim Empire” 6. “Divisions of the “MIDDLE AGES” 7. “The Early Middle ages-Charlemagne” 8. “Charlemagne builds an Empire” & “Life in the Middle Ages” 9. “The Church and the Crusades’ & “ Disaster and Change” 10. ‘The Rise of the Nation-States” 11. “The Magna Carta” Social Studies Bk # ____ Full Name ___________________________ Mrs. Ross & Mr. Ingraham Date _________________ Middle Ages Table of Contents Paragraph: Law was an important part of government both in the Byzantine Empire and in England. Write a paragraph describing the actions taken to improve and expand the law. Be sure to point out the long term impact of actions taken.” Social Studies Bk # ____ Full Name ___________________________ Mrs. Ross & Mr. Ingraham Date _________________ Middle Ages Table of Contents Paragraph: During the Medieval period a Knight was an important element of society. Write a paragraph citing information from the selection. Hint: (questions you could answer: What is a Knight? How does he become a knight? How is he supposed to act? How did knights really act? Use with by Sir Dana: A Knight Dana Fradon pp. 296-301 Vocabulary of the Middle Ages #1 Apprentice The first step in learning a trade. A boy would live 7 years with a master craftsman. black plague – (AKA bubonic plague & black Death)a sickness caused by bites from fleas on rats. Caliph – A successor to the profit Muhammad; an Islamic religious leader contract – a written agreement (between the king & vassal). crusades - Eight attempts by Christian volunteers to free the holy land from the Seljuk 1 Turks who were Muslim. cultural diffusion - The spreading of new ideas to other places. Dark Ages - The end of classical civilizations; An era of repression and unenlightenment from 500- 1000 CE. dubbing ceremony - When a squire has completed his training and is proclaimed a mounted man-at-arms, a knight feudalism – The system of trading protection for loyalty. Fief – A grant of land given by a king or lord (manor). Guild – An association of craftsmen of a particular trade who set price and methods to be followed Holy Land - The area around Jerusalem considered important to Christians. Islam - The religion of Muslims, based on belief in one God, or Allah. Journeyman – The second step in learning a trade and becoming a master craftsman. knight - A medieval gentleman-soldier raised by a sovereign to privileged military status. lord - A man of high rank in feudal society, who owns a manor. manor – a large block of land made up of forests, meadows, a church, a village, and the castle of the noble who owned it all. Master – the final step in learning a trade and when one is accepted into the Guild. CSI12 Vocabulary of the Middle Ages #2 1b medieval – The time of Middle Ages in Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE. Magna Carta - The document that English nobles forced King John to sign in 1215, limiting the king’s power and protecting the rights of people. Muslim - A follower of Muhammad and Islam. page - A boy who acted as a knight’s attendant or ceremonially employed as an attendant at court Patriarch – The leader of the Christian church based in Constantinople. pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome. serfs – peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They were tied to the land of a Noble. squire - A young man’s second step in training to become a medieval knight. tenant – someone who pays rent to the landowner. vassal – a noble who agrees to perform service for the king in time of war in exchange for use of the land. nation-state – a government with a strong central government, laws, single ruler, language, customs, & standing army. CSI12 Vocabulary of the Middle Ages 1b 1. ___ The time of Middle Ages in Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE. is known as? a) Dark Ages b) Medieval Period c) Magna Carta d) Black Ages. 2. ___ The area around Jerusalem considered important to Christians is known as? a) Christendom b) the Holy Land c) The Byzantine Empire d) the Magna Carta. 3. ___ the leader of the Christian church based in Rome was called? a) Patriarch b) Caliph c) Messiah d) Pope. 4. ___ Eight attempts by Christian volunteers to free the holy land from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslim were called a) Civil war b) the Muslim Wars c) the Crusades d) Persian Wars. 5. ___ A follower of Muhammad and Islam was know as a/an? a) vassal b) Muslim c) Christian d) Polytheistic. 6. ___ The religion of Muslims, based on belief in one God, or Allah is called? a) Islam b) Muhammadism c) Christianity d) Feudalism. 7. ___ The spreading of new ideas to other places is also known as a) plagiarism b) cultural identity c) innovation d) cultural diffusion. 8. ___ The end of classical civilizations; An era of repression and unenlightenment from 500- 1000 CE. a) Dark Ages b) Medieval Period c) Magna Carta d) Black Ages. 9. ___ The document that English nobles forced King John to sign in 1215, limiting the king’s power called a) monarchy b) Declaration of Independence c) Magna Carta d) Twelve Tables 10. ___ What is a sickness caused by bites from fleas on rats called a) feudalism b) black plague c) medieval disease d) inoculation. 11. ___ What is a government with a strong central government, laws, single ruler, language, customs, & standing army called? a) empire b) nation-state c) city-state d) feudal manor CSI12 1c 1. ___ The system of trading protection for loyalty is known as? a) Islam b) Muhammadism c) Christianity d) Feudalism. 2. ___ A boy who acted as a gentleman soldiers attendant or ceremonially employed as an attendant at court a) serf b) page c) squire d) knight. 3. ___ A young man’s second step in training to become a medieval knight is called a) serf b) page c) squire d) knight. 4. ___ A medieval gentleman-soldier raised by a sovereign to privileged military status is called a) legionnaire b) knight c) vassal d) squire. 5. ___ This is when a squire has completed his training and is proclaimed a mounted man-at-arms, a knight a) feudalism b) dubbing ceremony c) vassal’s contract d) manorism. 6. ___ A noble who agrees to perform service for the king in time of war in exchange for use of the land a) vassal b) tenant c) serf d) knight. 7. ___ A written agreement (between the king & vassal) is called a/an? a) convent b) contract c) arrangement d) nation-state. 8. ___ peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They were tied to the land of a Noble is called? a) serf b) page c) squire d) tenant. 9. ___ Someone who pays rent to the landowner is known as a/an? a) serf b) page c) squire d) tenant. 10. ___ A man of high rank in feudal society, who owns a manor is called? a) serf b) page c) lord d) tenant. 11. ___ A large block of land made up of forests, meadows, a church, a village, and the castle of the noble who owned it all is called a/an? A) kingdom b) manor c) plantation d) estate. CSI12 Part 1 by C. Stephen Ingraham Rome is gone, in the East its Byzantinum In the West it has fallen apart Fighting over icons the church divides into two parts. In Constantinople Justinian, the emperor, tries to recreate Roman glory His wife, Theodora, champions women and the poor. 2 Muhammad worships the one god Allah Founding Islam submitting to god’s will Smashing statues in Mecca. The Muslims worship there still. With more than one successor Whose caliph? no one’s quite sure. It doesn’t matter to the Sunni; the Shiites follow the fourth caliph. Charlemagne and the Franks in France try to recreate the empire’s western part, but it becomes small kingdoms as Europe breaks apart. The serfs live on a manor Tenant farmers of a noble, who was the vassal of a king, that’s the feudal system thing. Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island” The Middle Ages Song CSI08 by C. Stephen Ingraham The crusaders are off to the Holy Lands. Fleas on rats bring the bubonic plague. Small kingdoms form Nation-States, The Magna Carta limits the king’s power, More individual freedoms, No one’s above the law, That’s the Middle Ages. 2a CSI08 Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island” The Middle Ages Song Part 2 Advanced Education during the Middle Ages The Steps to become: A Master Craftsman 1) Apprentice 2) Journeyman 3) Master Determined by the GUILD 3a A Knight 1) Page 2) Squire 3) Knight Dubbing Ceremony by a SOVEREIGN (King) CSI08 The Essential Questions –Middle Ages What was life like during the Middle Ages? What changes in life during this period result in the rise of the middle class? How did Christianity spread during this period? How do established religions react when threatened? Why do religions splinter and what effect does that have on society? How do political, economic, social, and cultural institutions and events shape people’s way of thinking and lead to an evolving society? What were the effects of the Crusades on life in Europe? How does the social structure of the Middle Ages compare to urban and rural life in the present? How do primary and secondary sources inform us about the development and practices of society and government? CSI08 Five Minute Assessment The Byzantine Empire I. 3a A. Justinian I Looks to the Past 1.___ The capital of the Byzantine Empire which lasted almost 1000 years after the fall of Rome is? a) Athens b) Byzantium c) Constantinople d) Rome 2.___ Emperor Justinian made a new set of laws called ? a) the Twelve Tables b) the Justinian Code c) the Code of Constantine d) Hammurabi’s Code 3. ___ The empress who helped the poor, women, and those with different forms of Christianity was? a) Theodora b) Isadora c) Cleopatra d) Hatshepsut. I. C. The Christian Church Divides 4. ___ Why were Christian church leaders in the West supportive of the use of icons? a) most people could not read or write b) the pictures reminded them of idols c) the pictures were mosaics d) Jesus mentioned them in his preaching. 5. ___The Byzantine church leaders, who did not want people to use icons were called. a) Popes b) Patriarchs c) Caliphs d) Buddhas I. A. Justinian I Looks to the Past The Byzantine Empire 1. The Roman capital of Constantinople is in the 3a Byzantine Empire which continued a 1000 years after the fall of Rome 2. Improvements to the Empire a) The Justinian Code updated the Roman Twelve Tables b) Silkworm eggs and mulberry trees smuggled out of China to ended their silk trade monopoly . c) Building program: new churches, buildings & aqueducts. B. Theodora, Bringer of Change 1. Empress Theodora suggests other improvements a) Property could be left to daughters b) People should be given jobs based on abilities c) Forms other than Orthodox Christianity should be allowed I. C. The Christian Church Divides 1. Religion causes disagreement and arguments. a) In the eastern part the Byzantine patriarchs, or church leaders felt using icons was like worshipping idols. b) In the West most people could not read or write so icons were thought to be a good way to teach Christianity. 2. In 1054, the Christian Church split.(ending the Byzantine Empire) a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic Church b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church. I. I. A. Justinian I Looks to the Past The Byzantine Empire 1. The Roman capital of Constantinople is located in the Byzantine Empire which lasted almost 1000 years after the fall of Rome 3 2. Improvements to the Empire a) The Justinian Code simplified and updated the Roman Twelve Tables b) Silkworm eggs and mulberry trees smuggled out of China to finally end the monopoly the silk trade. c) A building program of new churches, roads, bridges, & aqueducts began. d) He had artists make magnificent paintings and mosaics. B. Theodora, Bringer of Change 1. Empress Theodora suggests other improvements a) Property could be left to daughters b) People should be given jobs based on abilities c) Forms other that Orthodox Christianity should be allowed C. The Christian Church Divides 1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments. a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt using icons was like worshipping idols. b) However, in the West most people could not read or write, so icons were thought to be a good way to teach Christianity. 2. The Byzantine church leaders, or patriarchs, did not want icons used. 3. In 1054, the Christian Church split.(ending the Byzantine Empire) a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic Church b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Roman Empire The Mediterranean Sea CSI08 Byzantine Empire Atlantic Ocean Barbaric Tribes EUROPE Western Part of the Black Sea Roman Empire ASIA Mediterranean Sea Byzantine Empire 622 CE (Eastern Part of the Roman Empire) AFRICA CSI08 Five Minute Assessment The Muslim Empire II. II. II. 4a A. Herders and Townspeople 1. ___ Mecca was the largest town on the Arabian peninsula to become a city because it had a) abundant agriculture b) a merchant economy c) the Capital of Islam d) the cube-shaped Ka’ba B. Muhammad and Islam 2. ___ All the messages Muhammad received from Gabriel received are in a Islam’s holy book called the ________? a) Torah b) Qur’an c) New Testament d) Analects. C. The Muslim Empire Grows 3. ___ After Muhammad’s death Muslim leaders chose a“successor” called a? a) Caliph b) Pope c) Patriarch d) Pharaoh . II. 4. ___ The first Muslim armies quickly conquered Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt and because a) they were an unstoppable force b) the Roman Emperors ruled badly c) the Persian army was greatly weakened d) heavy taxes and religious persecution E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 5. ___The Muslim community split into several groups, but the one that accepted the changing dynasties is? a) Shiite b) Orthodox c) Arabs d) Sunni The Muslim Empire II. II. II. II. 4 A. Herders and Townspeople 1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert and the rest semi-dry, grassy plains called steppes. 2. Mecca was the largest town to become a city, because it had a religious cube-shaped building called the Kaba, with statues of the Arab gods. B. Muhammad and Islam 1. In a vision an angel told Muhammad that he was a messenger to humankind from god, Allah 2. The Qur’an is the holy book with the messages Muhammad received. 3. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with other Arab tribes nine years later and destroys all the idols in the Ka’ba. C. The Muslim Empire Grows 1. The “successors” to Muhammad are called calips 2. Muslim armies were welcomed because of the heavy taxes and religious persecution of the Persian and Byzantine rulers. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 1. The Umayyad family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus, Syria. 2. The Abbasid family moved the capital in 750 CE. to Baghdad. 3. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in Cairo, Egypt 4. The Muslim community split into several groups: a) The Sunni accepted the changing dynasties. b) The Shiite wanting neither the Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the fourth caliph’s descendants. The Muslim Empire 4a II. A. Herders and Townspeople 1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert and one third grassy plains called steppes. 2. Mecca was the largest city, because it had a cube-shaped building called the Kaba, with statues of the Arab gods. II. B. Muhammad and Islam 1. An angel told Muhammad to be a messenger to humankind from god, Allah 2. The Qur’an is Islam’s holy book. 3. In 622 CE. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but after 9 years returns & destroys all the Ka’ba’s idols II. C. The Muslim Empire Grows 1. Muhammad’s “successors” are called caliphs 2. Muslims were welcomed because of Persian & Byzantine heavy taxes and religious persecutions II. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 1. The Umayyad family moved the Muslim capital to Damascus, Syria. 2. The Abbasid family moved the capital in 750 CE. to Baghdad. 3. Muhammad daughter’s descendants set up another capital in Cairo, Egypt 4. The Muslim community split into two groups: a) The Sunni accepted the changing dynasties. b) The Shiite wanting neither the Umayyad or Abbasid as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the fourth caliph’s descendants. EUROPE * Constantinople Spain ASIA Syria Persia Palestine Alexandria* Arabia * Medina * Mecca AFRICA CSI08 EUROPE * Constantinople Spain ASIA Syria Persia Palestine Alexandria* Arabia * Medina * Mecca AFRICA CSI08 Byzantine Empire Atlantic Ocean Holy Roman Empire Black Sea EUROPE ASIA Mediterranean Sea Islam around 1096 CE AFRICA CSI08 THE MIDDLE AGES 5 The High The Early Middle Ages Middle Ages 400-900 CE 900-1250 CE ROMAN EMPIRE The Late Middle Ages 1250-1500 CE RENAISSANCE Use with “A History of the Middle Ages” DVD Discovery & Worksheet. CSI12 Five Minute Assessment Europe in the Middle Ages III. A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire 6b 1.___ The most powerful Germanic tribe was the ______? a) The Visagoths b) The Huns c) The Gauls d) the Franks. 2.___ Who was named Augustus and crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope? a) Octavian Caesar b) Julius Caesar c) Charlemagne d) Constantine III. B. Life in the Middle Ages 3. ___ Most Western Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a a) province b) manor c) city-state d) polis 4. ___ All of the following are part of a manor except? a) forests b) meadows c) churches d) villages e) harbors f) serfs g) a castle or manor house 5. ___ The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a _______? a) vassal b) knight c) squire d) patriarch. Europe in the Middle Ages III. III. 6c A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire 1. The Middle Ages is the years from 500-1500 CE. 2. During the last days of the Roman Empire the Germanic Tribes controlled Western Europe. 3. The most powerful tribe was the Franks and their leader was Charlemagne a) He conquered parts of Italy, Germany, central Europe, & Northern Spain. b) He had close ties with the Pope, the leader of the Christian church. c) He set up a school to teach the Noble’s children how to rule responsibly. 4. After his death in 814 CE. Vikings attacked from the North, Slavs & Magyars from the East, and Muslims from the South. B. Life in the Middle Ages 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a manor, or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble). 2. Peasants, or serfs , farmed the land and lived in the village. 3. They were tenants, and paid rent to the noble in the form of services and goods. 4. The Noble was a vassal or tenant of the King and signed a contract agreeing to: a) fight in the King’s Army b) collect taxes. 5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became the Feudal System. Europe in the Middle Ages III. 6z A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire 1. The Middle Ages is the years from 500-1500 CE. 2. After the Roman Empire fell the Germanic Tribes controlled Western Europe. 3. Charlemagne lead the Franks the strongest tribe. a) He conquered parts of Italy, Germany, central Europe, & Northern Spain. b) He had close ties with the Pope, the leader of the Christian church. c) He set up a school to teach the Noble’s children how to rule responsibly. 4. After his death in 814 CE. Vikings attacked from the North, Slavs & Magyars from the East, and Muslims from the South. III. B. Life in the Middle Ages (Feudal System) 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a manor, or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble). 2. In the Feudal System the noble lord was a vassal or tenant of the King and signed a contract agreeing to: a) fight in the King’s Army b) collect taxes. 3. Peasants, or serfs, farmed the Noble’s land and lived in the village. 4. They were tenants, and paid rent to the noble in the form of services and goods. 6 Europe in the Early Middle Ages 400-900 CE. III. A. Charlemagne 1. Charles the Great 6 foot tall & a Christian 2. King of the Germanic Tribe, the Franks 3. Gained control much of Western Europe. 4. 800 CE. crowned Pope Leo III Holy Roman Emperor. 5. Believed in Education: a) Fields of May -Nobles b) School for Nobles’ Children c) Encouraged all priests to teach reading & writing Use with United Streaming “The Age of Charlemagne” 6a Europe in the Early Middle Ages III. A. Charlemagne 400-900 CE. 1. ___ Who was the most powerful Germanic tribe to control Western Europe? a) the Huns b) The Lombards c) the Visigoths d) the Franks. 2. ___ Who defeated the Saracens and ended the Muslim advance into Europe? a) Charles the Hammer b) Charlemagne c) Constantine d) King Richard “the Lion-hearted” 3. ___ In 800 CE. on Christmas day who was crowned by Pope Leo III “The First Holy Roman Emperor”? a) Charles the Hammer b) Charlemagne c) Constantine d) Emperor Augustus. 4. ___ Charlemagne’s administration advanced the literacy of the people by encouraging a) the use of a literacy journal b) education c) establishing school for the noble’s children d) having local priest teach Latin to the serfs. 5. ___ To have land to farm and protection what did the serfs pledge to their nobles? a) their labor working their lords land b) half the next year’s harvest c) seven years labor by written contract d) 40 days military service. Use with United Streaming “The Age of Charlemagne” Social Structures in the Middle Ages 1. Land is the most valuable thing a monarch (King) owns. 7 2. Feudal System - he monarch trades land for loyalty a) A vassal sign a contract in Homage ceremony & promises to collect taxes & defend the kingdom in exchange for land b) the land is a manor (with serfs) or “fief”. 3. Noble sons a) The oldest inherits the manor b) other sons become a knight or a priest 4. Noble daughters marry or become religious nuns. 5. Knights were the gentleman soldier of the king or lord of the manor 6. Serfs belong to the manor (women & men have equally a hard life) 7. During the later Middle Ages towns & cities develop along with a merchant class a) The life of a freeman is extremely more difficult than a serf. b) Wealthy merchants had more money than the king’s family Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “Social Structure”CSI14 Social Structures in the Middle Ages 1. _____ What became the most valuable thing a king owned? a) the land b) the crown jewels c) a golden throne d) the royal yacht. 7a 2. ____ This deal exchanging something of value for loyalty is called a a) Lordly Agreement b) feudal relationship c) Pledge of Faith d) Leap of Faithfulness & Friendship. 3. ____ What was the formal ceremony called when a vassal swore a pledge of loyalty to their lord? a) homage b) bondage c) knighthood d) fiefing. 4. ____ How long did a vassal have use of the land? a) until a new lord claimed the kingdom b) one hundred years it was leased c) as long as they honored their agreement. d) until his death. 5. ____ Among the peasants and serfs women enjoyed a) town festivals b) equality with their husband c) country fairs d) church socials. 6. ____ Who does a serf and his family belong to? a) the King b) the Noble c) the Vassal d) the Manor 7. ____ During the later Middle Ages, which women had the best clothes, food, and housing? a) Queens b) Rich Noble’s wives c) very religious nuns d) wealthy merchant’s wives. 8. ____ In the Middle Ages people believed that these relationships mean everyone in society depended on everyone else and the people on the top a) were the most Godlike b) were the most important c) had a duty to protect those on the bottom d) serve the kingdom Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “Social Structure”CSI13 The Feudal System 1) Protection 2) Taxes KING Land Fief Atlantic Ocean EUROPE Upper Nobility Upper Nobility Lower Nobility Lower Nobility Lower Nobility Lower Nobility Knights Knights Knights Knights SERFS SERFS SERFS SERFS CSI08 The Medieval Church in the Middle Ages 1. 2. The life of a Monk was available sons of rich, noble families. a) A boy began his training at seven becoming an oblate b) A boy completed his training at fifteen c) The life of a Monk was strict, structured with prayer & work d) There was one meal at midday. Monks worked for their monastery 8 a) farming b) working crafts c) copying books d) nursing 3. 4. 5. 6. A friar was a monk who was also a priest lived in poverty working in a community Priests were ordained and assigned to a parish Knights, who took a monk’s religious vows to defend the church, are Templars The life of a religious Nun was available to the noble’s unmarried daughters. Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Monk” CSI14 The Medieval Church in the Middle Ages 1. ___Who decided what a boy or girl would become ? a) the parish priest b) the lord of the manor c) the mayor of the village d) their parents 8a 2. ___ How old did a boy have to be to begin his training as an oblate to become a monk? a) seven b) ten c) fifteen d) twenty-one 3. ___ At what age would an oblate finish his training, make vows and promise to live in the monastery? a) seven b) ten c) fifteen d) twenty-one 4. ___ The monasteries became rich and powerful for all these reasons except? a) Parents would pay for their son’s or daughter’s admittance b) Nobles would give land & money for the prayers of monks c) Nobles would pay to live in the monastery when they were old d) Nobles would pay to have their children educated there 5. ___ Who did the teaching and nursing during the medieval period? a) Nuns b) Priests c) Monks d) Friars 6. ___ Today, what would we think the most important thing a monk did during middle ages? a) make dairy products, bread and wine b) copy books c) tend the monastery farm d) learn a trade & work as a craftsman Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Monk” CSI14 The Crusades 1) 2) 3) 4) EUROPE 1096-1099 CE. 1147-1149 CE. 1189-1192 CE. 1202-1204 CE. 2 * Constantinople 1 Spain 4 ASIA * Antioch Syria 3 Persia Palestine * Jerusalem Alexandria* Arabia * Medina * Mecca AFRICA CSI08 Europe in the High Middle Ages III. 9 900-1250 CE. B Crusades 1. Called By Pope Urban II 2. Free Jerusalem (& Holy Land) from Seljuk Turks 3. 1st Crusade 1096-1099 captures Acre & Jerusalem 4. Muslim Saladin recaptures Jerusalem & Acre. 5. 2nd Crusade 1147-1149 King Richard recaptures Acre 6. Six more Crusades (8 Total) 7. Acre falls to Muslims Effects: a) Europe is exposed to Arab goods & Ideas b) New trade route are established c) Cities grew people began moving into them. Use with United Streaming “The Crusades” Europe in the High Middle Ages III. B Crusades 9a 900-1250 CE. 1. ___ What sacred city is sacred to Muslims, Christians & Jews? a) Rome b) Constantinople c) Acre d) Jerusalem. 2. ___ How long did crusaders march before they finally reached the holy land? a) three months b) six months c) one year d) three years. 3. ___ In the year 1160 CE, 60 years after conquering Jerusalem what have the Crusaders established? a) the elimination of all Muslims b) the Holy Roman Empire c) 4 Christian states & 60 strongholds d) the Orthodox Christian Byzantine Empire. 4 ___ Who was able to unite the Muslims world in what would be modern-day Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria & Iraq? A) Saladin b) Pope Urban II c) Richard the Lion-hearted d) Emperor Constantine. 5. ___ Who were the last Crusaders to exit Acre through a subterranean tunnel? a) the Selteck Turks b) Christian Pilgrims c) The Knights of the round table d) the Knights Templar. 6. ___ Besides cultural growth, what was the real legacy of the eight crusades to Europe? a b) the strengthening of the Church c) prosperity and trade d) universal peace. Use with United Streaming “The Crusades” The Plague in the Middle Ages D. Disaster and Change 10 1. Western European cities became unhealthy places for all these reasons: a) over crowding with people & animals b) piles of garbage in the streets with rats everywhere. 2. Most now thing the bubonic plaque was caused by the bites of fleas from rats and one fourth to one third of the people in Europe died. 3. The plague symptoms were: a) flu-like fever and vomiting b) buboes reaching orange size c) spitting blood d) death within 2 -6 days 4. The surviving Europeans who blamed everyone in authority. a) the kings & noble lords b) the church c) even God Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Plague” CSI14 The Plague in the Middle Ages 10a D. Disaster and Change 1. ___ How did the fortified city of Caffa get the plague from the Mongols? a) the nobles caught it in the palace signing the peace treaty b) the serfs caught it as the invaders stole their crops c) dead bodies were catapulted over the walls d) sailors and merchants brought it with them as they traveled. 2. ___ In the last century the main theory is that the Bubonic plague was caused by bacteria which was spread by? a) rats b) fleas c) cats d) wolfs 3. ___ During the Late Middle Ages what was the greatest killer of people? a) warfare b) famine c) plague d) Attila the Hun 4. ___ For Medieval people what was the more terrifying prospect than death itself? a) to die alone and forgotten b) to die before confessing their sins c) to die separated from your family and loved ones d) to die without last rites. 5. ___Those in Europe who survived blamed these people in authority? a) the kings of the kingdoms b) noble lords and the lord of the manor b) the clerics of the church d) all in authority Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Plague” CSI14 Five Minute Assessment III. 10b C. The Church and the Crusades 1. ___ In 1095 who called on all Christians to help seize control of the holy city of Jerusalem back from the Seljuk Turks? a) Pope Augustus II b) Pope Benedict X c) Pope Urban II d) Justinian I 2. ___ During the Crusades thousands of Christians and Muslims died, but the Christians never gained control of Jerusalem. How many Crusades were there? a) three b) eight c) nine d) twelve. III. D. Disaster and Change 3. ___ Western European cities became unhealthy places for all these reason except? a) over crowding b) animals c) piles of garbage d) lack of clean water. 4. ___ During the late Middle Ages many people were dying because of ? a) the Punic War b) lack of sanitization c) the hundred years war b) the bubonic plaque 5. ___ Who did the Europeans who survived blame? a) their kings and the church b) sanitization workers c) God d) enemy invaders. Europe in the Middle Ages III. III. 10c C. The Church and the Crusades 1. The idea that all of Europe’s separate kingdoms were united in a Christian Community is known as Christendom. 2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to help seize control of the holy city of Jerusalem back from the Seljuk Turks. 3. Whole families volunteered to become crusaders marched across Europe, but many died of hunger before reaching the holy land. 4. Thousands died in eight attempts, but the Christians never gained control of Jerusalem. D. Disaster and Change 1. European cities became crowded and unhealthy places. 2. Streets were full of people, animals, and garbage. 3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Bubonic Plaque came to Europe, caused by the bites of fleas on rats. 4. One fourth of the people died. 5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the Church for not being able to stop the plague. Trade in the Middle Ages 11 The Rise of The Merchant Class 1. The returning Crusaders stimulated trade (Trade brought wealth). 2. Traveling merchants bought goods cheaply and sold them for a profit. 3. Cities grew as people were employed to make things. 4. Wealthy merchants controlled Craftman’s Guilds & made laws. The Effects of the Guilds: 1. Guild controlled who could produce goods 2. What the price could be. 3. What the training was: a) Apprentice (4-12 years) b) Journeyman c) Master (Determined by the Guild). Similar to the training for knighthood: a) Page b) Squire c) Knight Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Merchant” CSI13 Trade in the Middle Ages The Rise of The Merchant Class 11a 1. ___ How did the merchants start out during the middle ages? a) as second sons of rich nobles b) as heir to a king’s throne c) as wealthy princes d) as landless peasants. 2. ___ Where did the first Medieval towns begin to form? a) in lush, fertile river valleys b) at desert oasises b) at places of food & shelter for travelers c) on the Mediterranean coast. 3. ___ Who were the most influential of medieval merchants? a) Those who traveled the longest distances b) Those who hired workers c) Those who made their own goods d) Those with wealthy family backgrounds. 4. ___ Working with a master craftsman a young boy learned a trade by becoming a) married to the master’s daughter b) an apprentice c) enrolled in a guild school d) vassal of a lord. 5. ___ Who were the most powerful groups in every town/ a) the Master craftsman b) the Knights c) the Nobles d) the Guilds. 6. ___ In most town who made the laws and enforced them? a) rich merchants & Guild masters b) the King d) the lord of their manor d) the Knights Templar. Use after DVD Discovery Life in the Middle Ages “The Merchant” CSI14 Trade in the Middle Ages 11c II A. The Mongol Conquests 1. Genghis Khan (World Leader) & 130,000 Mongolian riders invade China. 2. His sons conquer Korea, Russia, Poland, Hungary, and Persia. 3. Mongol soldiers keep peace & traders safe. B. An Exchange of Ideas and Goods 1. In the late 1200s Marco Polo (A European) visits China. 2. Marco Polo’s stories are published. 3. European become interested in Chinese Inventions: Gunpowder, Compass, Silks, Porcelain, Jewels, and other riches. 4. The Chinese, Rabban Bar Sauma visits European Kingdoms. 5. Trade develops ( & The Bubonic Plague). CSI13 Byzantine Empire Atlantic Ocean France EUROPE Black Sea ASIA Spain Mediterranean Sea The Rise of the Nation-States Strong Central Government, ruler, laws, full time army, common language, & customs. AFRICA CSI08 Europe in the Middle Ages 12 III. E. The Rise of Nation-States 1. Kings begin to take authority away from the nobles and church leaders. ending Feudalism. 2. Nation-states or strong central government with a single king began to form in many parts of Europe. They had: a) They had own laws b) One leader c) full-time army d) Language e) culture and customs 3. The Effects of the Magna Carta: In 1215 the 63 demands the English King John signed guaranteed for the first time: a) The King and everyone else had to accept responsibility for their actions. b) Everybody was required to obey the laws. c) The king needed the general consent of the kingdom before making new laws or taxes. d) This protected the freedoms of everyone in England. CSI13 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Europe in the Middle Ages III. III. 6 A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire 1. ___________ _____ is the years from 500-1500 CE. 2. During the last days of the Roman Empire the___________ _________ came to control much of Western Europe. 3. The most powerful tribe was the _______________ and their leader was ____________________________. a) He conquered parts of Italy, Germany, central Europe, & Northern Spain. b) He had close ties with the ___________, the leader of the Christian church. c) He set up a school to teach the Noble’s children how to rule responsibly. 4. After his death in 814 CE. Vikings attacked from the North, Slavs & Magyars from the East, and Muslims from the South. B. Life in the Middle Ages 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a _______________, or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble). 2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land and lived in the village. 3. They were ____________, or people who pays rent to the noble in the form of services and goods. 4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a _____________, who had agreed to perform services for the king in return for being given use of the land. In a written contract he agreed to: a) fight in the King’s Army b) collect taxes. 5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became known as the ______________ ______________. I. I. A. Justinian I Looks to the Past The Byzantine Empire 3 1.Constantine’s Roman capital of ____________ is located in the Byzantine Empire which lasted almost 1000 years after the fall of Rome 2.By 565 CE Emperor Justinian I reconquered much of the old Roman Empire. 3. Improvements to the Empire a) Justinian made a new set of laws called ___________________ which simplified and updated the Roman Twelve Tables b) He had silkworm eggs and mulberry trees smuggled out of China to end their complete control, or ________________ , of the silk trade. c) He started a building program of new churches, roads, bridges, & aqueducts d) He had artists make magnificent paintings and _____________, or pictures of bits of colored stone or glass. C. The Christian Church Divides 1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments. a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt that _______, or pictures of Jesus & the saints, were like worshipping idols. b) In the West most people could not read or write, so icons were thought to be a good way to teach Christianity. 2. The Byzantine church leaders, or _________ did not want people to use Icons. 3. In 1054, the Christian Church split.(ending the Byzantine Empire) a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic, or ________________ b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church. II. II. II. II. The Muslim Empire A. Herders and Townspeople 4 1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert and the rest semi-dry, grassy plains called ___________________. 2. Mecca was the largest town to become a city, because it had a religious cubeshaped building called the _______________, with statues of the Arab gods. B. Muhammad and Islam 1. In a vision the angel _________________ told Muhammad that he was a messenger to humankind and there is no god but God, or ______________. 2. All the messages Muhammad received are in a holy book called the ________. 3. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with other Arab tribes nine years later and destroyed all the idols in the Ka’ba. C. The Muslim Empire Grows 1. The “successors” to Muhammad are called _______________. 2. Muslim armies were welcomed because of the heavy taxes and religious persecution of the Persian and Byzantine rulers. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 1. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus, Syria. 2. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To Baghdad. 3. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in _________________, ____________. 4. The Muslim community split into several groups: a) The _______________ accepted the changing dynasties. b) The _______________ not wanting either the Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the fourth caliph’s descendants. Europe in the Middle Ages 9 III. E. The Rise of Nation-States 1. Kings begin to take authority away from the nobles and church leaders. 2. __________-________, or strong central government with a single king began to form in many parts of Europe. 3.Each of these governments had: a) their own laws b) leaders c) full-time _____________ d) ____________________ e) culture and customs 4. The Effects of the Magna Carta: In 1215 the 63 demands the English King John signed guaranteed for the first time: 1) The King and everyone else had to accept _____________________ for their actions. 2) Everybody was required to _________________ the laws. 3) The king needed the general consent of the kingdom before making new laws or taxes. 4) This protected the freedoms of everyone in England. (and later the English Colonies & United States of America). CSI13 The Magna Carta 10 In 1215 the Nobles presented King John of England with a list of 63 demands. In forcing the monarch to sign this contract he now had to accept responsibility for his actions and he had to obey the laws like everyone else. The king was also required to have the general consent of the realm before ordering new taxes. The nobles while trying to protect themselves also protected the freedoms of everyone in England. For example the Magna Carta gave the people the right to a trial by jury. This right is guaranteed to Americans today in the United States Constitution. CSI08 Remember a Topic Sentence states the main idea of a paragraph and a concluding sentence restates or rephrases the topic idea. #1 1). Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a paragraph summarizing the legend of Santa Clause. 2) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a persuasive paragraph explaining the reasons the elves want Santa to reform conditions at the North Pole workshops. 3). Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of an argumentative paragraph explaining the reasons the reindeer want Santa to give them a winter vacation. 4) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a paragraph summarizing your favorite movie. 5) Write the topic sentence & concluding sentence of a persuasive paragraph explaining the reasons that homework is not necessary. CSI08 TEST REVIEW Directions: Write a paragraph describing the actions taken to improve the laws in one or both of these places the Byzantine Empire And/or England (Hint: think Justinian Code or Magna Carta). Remember, a topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph and a concluding sentence restates or rephrases the topic idea. INDENTIFY WHAT WOULD BELONG IT THIS PARAGRAPH ___ Charlemagne was a great ruler. ___ Theodora was once a circus performer. ___ Everyone has to obey the law. ___ King John was a weak ruler. ___ The pope was head of the Christian church of Rome ___ The Nobles had 63 demands. ___ Everyone is responsible for their own actions. ___ Property can be left to daughters. ___ The king must get permission to raise taxes. ___ Theodora was Justinian’s wife. ___ Only qualified people should be given jobs. ___ The updated Justinian Code was based on the Twelve Tables. ___ The Nobles forced the King to sign. ___ King John was king of England. ___ Justinian re-conquered much of the Roman Empire. #3 CSI08 Effects of the “Magna Carta” 11 In 1215 the 63 demands the English King John signed guaranteed for the first time: 1) the King and everyone else had to accept responsibility for their actions. 2) Every was required to obey the laws. 3) The king needed the general consent of the kingdom before making new laws or taxes. 4) This protected the freedoms of everyone in England (and later the English Colonies & United States of America). CSI08 Christianity Beliefs Divisions pp. 278-9 Islam Beliefs pp. 285-6 Divisions CSI08 CSI08 Performance Assessment – The Middle Ages Medieval Newspaper: Students will research and present a newspaper which illustrates the major contributions of the Middle Ages as well as the key events that changed the outcome of Medieval Europe. Topics to research include, but are not limited to; Medieval Castles, Medieval methods of Torture, the Crusades, the Black Death, the Magna Carta, Religion & Christianity, Heraldry, Feudalism, and the life of Medieval Men & Women. Students may have opportunities to research in class as well as create, revise, edit, and publish the newspaper articles. This project can be enriched or modified as needed for various learners in the class. An Option may be to include on topic in newspaper or research two or more topics and develop the newspaper. CSI08 Vocabulary of the Middle Ages Justinian Code – The Roman laws made simpler and more understandable by Byzantine Emperor Justinian. monopoly- complete control of the means of production. mosaics – paintings and pictures using bits and pieces of colored glass or stone. orthodox – officially accepted Christainity of the Byzantine Empire and centered in Constantinople. icons – Holy pictures of Jesus and the saints. patriarchs – Byzantine church leaders. catholic – a word meeting universal or “all embracing”. Middle Ages – The time of medieval Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE. pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome. Christendom – the idea that all the Christians of every kingdom formed a community. crusaders – Christian volunteers who fought to free the holy land from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslim. CSI08 Feudal Vocabulary of the Middle Ages Middle Ages – The time of medieval Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE. pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome. manor – a large block of land made up of forests, meadows, a church, a village, and the castle of the noble who owned it all. serfs – peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They were tied to the land of a Noble. tenant – someone who pays rent to the landowner. vassal – a noble who agrees to perform service for the king in time of war in exchange for use of the land. contract – a written agreement (with the king & vassal). feudal system – A system of trading protection for loyalty. bubonic plague – a sickness causes by bites from fleas on rats (as known as Black Death). nation-state – a government with a strong central government, laws, single ruler, language, customs, & standing army. CSI08 Muslim Vocabulary of the Middle Ages steppes – semi-dry plains of grass land. Qur’an – The holy book of Islam. Muslim – the religion of the followers of Muhammad’s teaching and Islam. Islam – means submitting to God’s will or following the Qur’an. caliph – A Muslim religious leader and successor to Muhammad. Shiite – Muslims who remain loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph. Sunni – Muslims who accept the changing dynasties of caliphs or successors to Muhammad. mosques – Muslim houses of worship. minarets – towers on mosques where Muslims are called to worship five times a day. CSI08 The Muslim Empire II. B. Muhammad and Islam 1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________ was born in a poor, but important family in Mecca. 2. He became unhappy about his tribe’s ______________ worship. 3. In a vision the angel _________________ told him that he was a messenger to humankind. 4. The message was there is no god but God, or ________. 5. Over the next 23 years there were more messages which were put together in a holy book called the ______. 6. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad and believes the “Qur’an” is god’s word. 7. This religion becomes _______________ which means “submitting to God’s Will”. 8. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with other Arab tribes nine years later and destroyed all the idols in the Ka’ba. The Muslim Empire II. II. 5 C. The Muslim Empire Grows 1. The “successors” to Muhammad are called _______________. 2. Muslim armies were welcomed because of the heavy taxes and religious persecution of the Persian and Byzantine rulers. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 1. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus, Syria. 2. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To Baghdad. 3. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in _________________, ____________. 4. The Muslim community split into several groups: a) The _______________ accepted the changing dynasties. b) The _______________ not wanting either the Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the fourth caliph’s descendants. The Byzantine Empire I. C. The Christian Church Divides 1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments. 2. One argument centered around _______________ , or holy pictures of Jesus and the saints. a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt that icons were like worshiping _______________, which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments. b) In the western part of the Empire most the people could not read or write. So icons were thought of a good way to teach Christianity. 3. The Byzantine church leaders, or ________________ did not want people to use Icons. Byzantine emperor Leo order them destroyed. 4. In 1054, the Christian Church split. a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic, or _________ ____________________ b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church. 5. In 1453 a weaken government ended the Byzantine Empire. II. The Muslim Empire E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire 1. After his death Muslim leaders chose a _____________, or “successor” to Muhammad. 2. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to Damascus, Syria.. 3. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To Baghdad. 4. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in _________________, ____________. 5. The Muslim community split into several groups: a) The _______________ accepted the changing dynasties. b) The _______________ not wanting either the Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the four caliph’s descendants. Europe in the Middle Ages III. B. Life in the Middle Ages 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a _____________________________, or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble). 2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land and lived in the village. 3. They were ____________, or people who pays rent to the noble in the form of services and goods. 4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a _____________, who had agreed to perform services for the king in return for being given use of the land. In a written contract he agreed to: a) fight in the King’s Army b) collect taxes. 5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became known as the ______________ ______________. Europe in the Middle Ages III. D. Disaster and Change 1. European cities became ____________________ and _____________ places. 2. Streets were full of people, animal, and garbage.. 3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Black death or the _______________ ______________ hit Europe, caused by the bites of fleas on rats. 4. One fourth of the people died. 5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the popes for not being able to stop the plague. Europe in the Middle Ages III. III. 8 C. The Church and the Crusades 1. The idea that all of Europe’s separate kingdoms were united in a Christian Community is known as ___________________________. 2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to help seize control of the holy city of Jerusalem back from the Seljuk Turks. 3. Whole families volunteered to become ______________ marched across Europe, but many died of hunger before reaching the holy land. 4. In eight attempts thousands of Christians and Muslims died, but the Christians never gained control of Jerusalem. D. Disaster and Change 1. European cities became _________________ and _____________ places. 2. Streets were full of people, animal, and garbage.. 3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Black death or the _______________ ______________ hit Europe, caused by the bites of fleas on rats. 4. One fourth of the people died. 5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the popes for not being able to stop the plague.