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Chordates Chordates ◊ What is a chordate? • 1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate) • 2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm Chordates ◊Endotherm (warmblooded) • Has a stable body temperature ◊Ectotherm (coldblooded) • Can change body temperature due to the environment Chordates ◊ 5 Major Catagories of Chordates • • • • • Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Amphibians ◊ Amphibian- means “double life” • Why? ◊ After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs) ◊ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vid eo/player/animals/amphibiansanimals/frogs-andtoads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html Amphibians ◊ 3 types/orders: • Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts), and • Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless amphibians that resemble snakes) Amphibians ◊ What’s the difference between a frog and a toad? • 1. Many toads have lumps behind their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked. • 2. Skin◊ Frogs are moist and smooth ◊ Toads are dry and bumpy Frog Dissection ◊ What are the rules of lab? ◊ How should we behave? ◊ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/vir tual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html Frog Dissection- Mouth Reptiles ◊ An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin. ◊ Major Groups: • Lizards • Snakes • Turtles • Alligators • Crocodiles Reptiles ◊ Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales. • Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies. Reptiles ◊ Lizards and snakes shed their skin. ◊ All snakes are carnivores but not all lizards are. ◊ Turtles have a shell made from their ribs and backbone. Reptiles ◊ What is the difference between an alligator and a croc? • Alligators have broad, rounded snouts, with only a few teeth visible. • Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and you can see most of their teeth. Birds ◊ Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs. ◊ The rule is: • If it has feathers, it’s a bird. Birds ◊ Feathers: • Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body. • Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail. • Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm. Birds ◊ Feed • Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills. • Bills specify per species • Internal storage tank called a crop • Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performs the grinding function Birds ◊ Adaptations for Flight • 4 chambered heart • Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces Mammals ◊ All mammals are endothermic vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair. Mammals ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ All mammals have…. 1. Hair or fur 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk) 3. Distinctive teeth 4. Highly developed brain 5. Extended care for the young Mammals ◊ Three groups of mammals • Monotremes • Marsupials • Placental mammals Mammals ◊ Monotremes • Mammals that lay eggs • Two species: ◊ Spiny anteaters ◊ Duck-billed platypuses Mammals ◊ Marsupials • Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch • Examples: ◊ Kangaroos ◊ Koalas ◊ Wallabies ◊ opossums Mammals ◊ Placental Mammals • Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently. • Examples: ◊ Insect-eaters ◊ Flying mammals ◊ Primates ◊ Rodents ◊ Rabbits/hares ◊ Marine mammals ◊ Hoofed mammals
