Download Safety and Scientific Process Powerpoint

Objective 1
TEK 1 The student, for at least 40% of the time, conducts field and
laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and
ethical practices.
(A)
Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations.
TEK 2 The student uses scientific methods during field and laboratory
investigations.
(A)
Plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions
formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and
technology.
(B)
Collect data and make measurements with precision and accuracy.
(C)
Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from
data.
(D)
Communicate valid conclusions.
TEK 3 The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to
make informed decisions.
(A)
Analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations, including
hypotheses and theories.
(B)
Draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for
products and services.
You have to get 29 questions out of 55 to pass this
test. Data shows that students who answer at least10
of17 correctly from objective 1usually pass.
Objective Topic
10th
Grade
11th
Grade
1
17
17
11
11
8
8
8
8
55
11
11
55
2
3
4
5
Total
Safety, Scientific Process,
Graphs, Charts
Cells, DNA, Cell processes
Kingdoms, Ecosystems,
Chemistry
Physics
1.
Never eat or drink in the lab.
1.
Never pipette by mouth.
2.
Remain alert at all times.
2.
Never use broken glassware.
3.
Keep your area free of
clutter.
3.
Hot glass looks like cool glass.
4.
Follow both written and
verbal directions.
4.
Hot glass does not go in water.
5.
5.
Students may not work
alone.
Test tubes should be heated with
the mouth away from people.
6.
Always poor acid into water.
6.
Remain at your workstation.
7.
7.
Always wear goggles and
other safety items.
Never touch electrical devices
with wet hands.
8.
Never smell a chemical directly.
8.
Secure all loose items.
9.
9.
Hair should be pulled back.
Never poor unknown chemicals
down the sink.
10. Contacts are no allowed.
10. Never return unused chemicals to
the original container.
Safety Terms:
Caustic or corrosive- Will
corrode or eat away metal,
skin, or other substances.
Volatile- Evaporates
quickly, may form dangerous
vapors.
Flammable (may ignite)will catch on fire or explode
easily.
Ventilation- removing
contaminated air and
brining in fresh air.
Lab EquipmentReview Uses.ppt
Scientific
Lab
Equipment
Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S.
Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the multimedia
fair use guidelines and are restricted from further use.
Credits: Clip art from Microsoft Design Gallery
Presentation originally compiled/created by Dtresten.HIS.2001
Adaptations by to Tcrannie, Mneel, Kcope, and S.Dillon
Balance (not a triple beam)
• To measure mass (weight) of substances or
objects accurately
graduated cylinder (graduate)
• To measure
volume of
liquids
accurately
SI Ruler
(“Metric” is slang.)
• To measure the lengths of
solid objects accurately
oC
SI thermometer
• To measure temperature accurately
magnifying glass
(hand lens)
• To make objects appear
larger than they are
Bunsen burner
• To heat substances (with a
flame)
hot plate
• To heat substances using electricity, not a
flame.
ring stand
with clamp and ring
• To hold containers away
from a heat source (such as
fire) during an experiment
safety goggles
• To protect eyes against
burns or cuts
microscope
• To view specimens that
are too small to see with
the naked eye
Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Virtual
Microscopy: Interactive Java Tutorials
slide
• To hold a specimen (sample) for viewing
through a microscope
cover slip
• To cover a specimen (or sample) on a slide
medicine dropper
(eyedropper)
• To drop small amount of liquids
forceps
• To pick up small items that you should not
touch
Petri dish
• To grow bacteria
and other tiny living
things
test tube
• To hold liquids and chemicals
during experiments
(investigations)
test tube rack
• To hold test tubes during
an investigation. (After
cleaning, test tubes can be
placed upside down to
dry.)
test tube
tongs
• To hold test
tubes over heat
or away from
your body
test tube brush
• To clean the insides of test tubes after
investigations
Erlenmeyer flask
• To hold liquids
• NOT used to measure
accurately
Florence flask
• Used to hold liquids
• NOT used to measure
accurately
beaker
• To hold, pour, or estimate
liquids
• NOT used to measure
substances accurately
tongs
• To pick up large objects that you should not
touch (e.g., hot containers, flasks of acids,
etc.)
Funnel
To pour liquids from one
container to another
without spilling
anything
stirring rod
• To mix chemicals and
hot liquids together
(like a spoon)
litmus paper
• To determine whether a liquid is an acid or a
base
Accurate measurement
When measuring distance: You will
have a ruler on the side of your
formula sheet. USE IT if you are
asked to measure distance on a map or
a length. You must measure accurately
and precisely. The wrong answer
choices will test to see if you do.
Measure the length of a
tile.
Measure the width of your
folder.
When measuring liquids: Wear goggles! Use a
graduated cylinder or graduated pipette. Beakers
are not accurate!!! Read the bottom of the meniscus
(curved line formed by the water) on a graduated
cylinder or burette. Check your units. Do they
increase or decrease? Do they go up by 1.0, 0.1, or
5.0? Read carefully.
Volume of irregular
objects: Use a
graduated cylinder
to take volume by
water displacement
.
14 mL
When massing solids:
Wear goggles! Use a
weigh boat or paper.
Subtract out the weight
of the container or paper
to zero the balance.
Clean up spills.
Read the
balance with
the weigh
paper.
Now subtract.
Read the
balance with
the weigh
paper and
chemical.
Experimental set-up/Scientific Method:
When scientists begin an experiment
they use the steps of the Scientific
Method. You will be asked to do many of
these steps on the test. The Problem
(in the form of a question) that the
scientists will try to answer, must be
logical and based on data or
observations. A prediction called a
Hypothesis is next. It must be a
testable statement that you could
gather data to prove. (You can’t
measure which is the “prettiest”,
“strongest”, or “best”.)
You must control an experiment. You can test only
one variable at a time. (How does the amount of
water effect plant growth? Keep the light,
containers, soil and plants the same.) Controls are
kept the same in all trials. A Control Group is the
set-up that isn’t changed. (One plant gets the normal
amount of water!). The independent variable is the
thing you change (amount of water). The dependent
variable is the result of the change you made(height
of plant in cm.).
Controls: Light, type of plant,
amount of soil, pot, temperature.
Independent
variable: Amount of
water given in mm.
Dependent variable:
Plant growth in cm.
The Conclusion must be supported by the data
and results you gather. To be valid, each
experiment needs a large sample size (grow
2000 plants in each experiment) and must be
repeated many times in order to prove the
Hypothesis (grow 2000 plants 100 times). If
you are collecting samples, in an experiment, do
it randomly. Don’t take them all from one place.
Yes!
No!
Reading Graphs and
Making Calculations
Some TAKS questions
ask students to analyze
graphs or do basic math
calculations to solve
problems or draw
conclusions. The
Independent Variable on
a graph is on the X-axis.
The Dependent variable
is on the Y-axis.
Line graphs represent
change over time. The
steeper the slope of a
line, the faster the
change in time is
occurring.
Pie graphs represent
%’s of a whole.
Pictographs use symbols
to represent numbers.
Always check keys and
legends to accurately
read units and labels on
graphs.
Bar graphs
represent numbers
of individuals or
items in each
category.
You may be asked to
calculate a %. To find a
%, divide the # of items
you have by the total #,
then multiply by 100.
Carefully read product
labels and claims. Make
sure you can separate
fact from opinion.