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SOLAR SYSTEM DEFINITIONS ROTATION: the spinning of the Earth on its axis; The earth rotates once every 24 hours; this causes day and night! REVOLUTION: the path the Earth takes around the sun. The earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days; this combined with the earth’s tilt causes seasons! ORBIT: the path the Earth takes around the sun. The earth orbits the sun once every 365 days in an elliptical shape! ELLIPTICAL: the shape of the orbit the earth makes around the sun. This shape looks like an ellipse, or an oval. AXIS: The imaginary line that the earth rotates on. It is tilted 23 ½ degrees; because it is tilted we have seasons! PLANET: a large body in space with a nearly spherical shapes that orbits a star, such as our sun. INNER PLANETS: the 4 planets closest to the sun. They are small and rocky: Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars OUTER PLANETS: the 4 planets furthest from the sun. They are large and made mostly of gas: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune STAR: a sphere of hot, glowing gases that gives off its own light and is held together by gravity NUCLEAR FUSION: when, inside a star’s core, particles of hydrogen join together to form helium GALAXY: billions of stars and planets, as well as gas and dust; our galaxy is the Milky Way! SUN: our closest star; it appears to be much larger than other stars because it is so close! It is a medium-sized yellow star and is the center of our solar system SUN’S GRAVITY: the force that holds all of the planets in orbit around the sun EARTH’S GRAVITY: the force that keeps us on the ground WEATHERING: the process that breaks down and changes rocks Chemical Weathering changes the substance that makes up the rocks Physical weathering breaks the rocks apart, but does not change what they are made up of. EROSION: the moving of weathered rock and soil This can happen from wind, water or ice! DEPOSITION: the dropping of materials moved by erosion *Important questions to practice: What causes Day and Night on Earth? What causes seasons on Earth? What is the order of the planets from the sun? Why is gravity important to the solar system? Put these in order, by size, from smallest to largest: sun, moon, earth