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Orwell’s Animal Farm
VS.
The Russian Revolution
Mrs. Prieur
Russian Society
 Russia
was in an appalling
state of poverty while the Tsar
lived in luxury. There was
tremendous dissatisfaction
among working class people.
Czar
Nicholas
II
Czar Nicholas II
 A poor
leader at best, compared
to western leaders
 Cruel - sometimes brutal with
opponents
 Sometimes kind - hired students
as spies
Nicholas II
 Believed
he was the
unquestionable leader of
Russia appointed by God.
 Had unarmed protesters
murdered in the streets in
1905.
 KARL
 THE
MARX:
FATHER
OF
COMMUNISM
Marx
Marx
believed that the
private ownership of land
should be abolished.
Marx
Believed
in a “Communal”
way of life where everyone
shared in prosperity.
Marx
 Invented Communism
 “Workers of the world unite",
take over government
 Died before Russian Revolution
Communism
All
people equal
Government owns
everything, People own
government
Lenin
 Lenin
adopted Marx’s ideas. He
believed that the bourgeoisie
(middle class) exploited the
workers and must therefore be
overthrown.
Vladimir Lenin
Lenin
 Lenin
understood the
emotional impact of simple,
powerful slogans like
 “Workers of the world unite!”
Lenin
Changed
Russia’s name to
the USSR (United Soviet
Socialist Republic)
Lenin Dies
It
is believed Lenin ordered
Nicholas II murdered
 When Lenin died, there
was a power struggle
between Trotsky and Stalin.
Leon
Trotsky
Trotsky
 One
of the leaders of "October
Revolution“ along with Lenin and
Stalin
 Believed in “pure” communism,
followed Marx
Trotsky
 Trotsky
was a brilliant speaker. With
Lenin he succeeded in overthrowing
the government in October 1917.
Lenin was the President, Trotsky the
Commissar for Foreign Affairs.
Commissar
Former
name of a head of
a government department
in the Soviet Union. Like
Secretary of State
Trotsky
 Trotsky
favored world
revolution.
 He wanted to improve life for
all Russians
 Chased away by Lenin's KGB
(Lenin's secret police)
Civil War
1918 –1921 there was civil war.
Foreign countries including Britain,
France, Poland and USA were
alarmed at the spread of communism
but the Red Army (the Bolsheviks) led
by Trotsky proved successful.
 From
Joseph
Stalin
Stalin
 Stalin
continually opposed
Trotsky
 He was an average
speaker; not educated like
Trotsky
 Didn't exactly follow Marx's
ideas
Stalin
Craved
power, willing to
kill for it
Used KGB, allowed
church, and utilized
propaganda
Propaganda
Information spread with
the intention of furthering
a specific idea or cause.
The manipulation and
control of language.
Propaganda Department
of Stalin’s government
 Worked
for Stalin to support
his political views
 Deliberate lies were used to
convince the people to follow
Stalin
Stalin
Benefited
from the fact
that education was
controlled
Stalin takes Control
In
his sinister way, Stalin
secured his power base, and
engineered the permanent
exile of Trotsky in 1929.
 The
exiled Trotsky was still very
useful to Stalin as he now had
Trotsky to blame for all the
problems and difficulties that
Russia suffered.
Politburo :
 This
was the policy-making body
of the Communist party’s Central
Committee. In reality it was
merely a force to carry out Stalin’s
orders and secure his position as
dictator.
Cheka/OGPU/NKVD/KGB :
These
were the various
names/ initials given to
the secret police during
Stalin’s dictatorship.
KGB - Secret Police
 Not
really police, but forced all to
support Stalin
 Used force; often killed entire
families for minor disobedience
 Totally loyal, part of Lenin's power,
even over army
Religion
 Marx
said religion was the
“opiate of the people" and a lie
 He believed it was only used to
make people not complain and
do their work
Religion
 Religion
was tolerated because
people would work and not
complain
 Stalin knew religion would stop
violent revolutions
Tricked Dedicated Supporters
 People
believed Stalin because he
was "Communist"
 Many stayed loyal after it was
obvious Stalin was a tyrant
 Supporters were ultimately betrayed
by Stalin who ignored and killed them
Overall details of Russian
Revolution
 Supposed
to fix problems from
Czar
 Life was even worse long after
revolution
 Stalin made Czar look like a nice
guy
Kulaks :
 These
were the land-owning
peasants who did not want
their farms to be collectivized
after the revolution. From
1929, Stalin began to
exterminate them as a class.
5 Year Plans
From
1927-1932, new
economic plans, called the
five-year plans, were
introduced. The purpose
was to improve industry
Germany and Great Britain :
 Stalin
negotiated with both
Germany and Great Britain. The
Russo-German pact of August
1939 allowed Russia to occupy
eastern Poland while Germany
occupied the rest.
Germany and Great Britain
 On
22 June, 1941, Germany
attacked her ally Russia without
warning. Thus the unholy alliance
between Nazism and
Communism fell apart and Russia
formed an alliance with Britain
and the USA.
Cold War begins
 The
Tehran conference in 1943
presented the Soviet Union,
Britain and America as allies.
However, by the end of the
Second World War, the Soviet
Union became an enemy of its
allies as the Cold War intensified.
George Orwell
Who is Who
Mr.
Jones- Czar Nicholas II
Old Major- Lenin
Snowball- Trotsky
Napoleon- Stalin
Who is Who
Dogs-KGB
Windmill-
5 year plan
Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body
Battle of the CowshedRussian Civil War
Who is Who
 Frederick-
Hitler
 Animal Executions – Stalin’s Purge
 Battle of the Windmill – World War II
 Card Game- Tehran Conference
 Pilkington- FDR
Questions
for
Analysis
#1
Who
had the ideas in the
beginning that inspired
the rebellions?
#2
What
are the real
enemies of Communism
according to Marx, Lenin,
Stalin and Trotsky?
#3 and #4
Who
does Stalin blame
anytime a problem
arises? Why do you think
Stalin blames this
person?
#5 and #6
 Who
would you associate with this
quote? Marx, Lenin Stalin or
Trotsky? Why did you choose that
person?
 “All men are equal but some are
more equal than others”
#7
Compare
the lives of
Russians when they lived
under Czar Nicholas and
when they lived under
Stalin.
#8 Who is this?
Tells
of a dream that leads
to Rebellion and inspires
others.
#9 Who is this?
Leader
of the rebellion that
drives out Czar Nicholas II.
#10 Who is this?
Leader
of Rebellion that
is driven out of Russia
and later killed in Mexico.
#11 Who is this?
Leader
of the Rebellion
that drives out his
competition and starts to
purge those that disagree
or may disagree with him.
#12 Who is this?
Branch
of Government
that enforces Stalin’s
rules.