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Chapter Presentation
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Brain Food Video Quiz
Bellringers
Quotes About Character
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Quotes About Character
“What we think or what we believe is, in the
end, of little consequence. The only thing of
consequence is what we do.”
—John Ruskin
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Chapter 18
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and
Development
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Chapter 18
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and
Development
Contents
• Section 1 Male Reproductive System
• Section 2 Female Reproductive System
• Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Bellringer
• Write your own definition of the word reproduction.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Objectives
• State the role of the male reproductive system.
• Describe the function of each of the organs of the
male reproductive system.
• Summarize four problems that can occur with the
male reproductive system.
• List five things a male can do to keep his
reproductive system healthy.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
What the Male Reproductive System Does
• The male reproductive system works to produce
sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive
system.
• Sperm are sex cells that are produced by the testes
and are needed to fertilize an egg.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
What the Male Reproductive System Does
• Eggs or ova are sex cells produced by the female
reproductive organs, called ovaries.
• Fertilization is the process by which a sperm and an
egg and their genetic material join to create a new
human life.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
How the Male Reproductive System Works
• The testes (testicles) are the male reproductive
organs that produce sperm and testosterone.
• Testosterone is the major male sex hormone. It
regulates body changes during puberty and
influences sperm production.
• The scrotum is a sac containing the testes. Muscles
in the scrotum move the testes closer to or further
from the body to regulate temperature.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
How the Male Reproductive System Works
• The penis is the male reproductive organ that
removes urine from the body and can deliver sperm
to the female reproductive system.
• Urine or sperm passes through the penis in the
urethra.
• Sperm from the testes travel through the epididymis
and the vas deferens. In the vas deferens, sperm
mixed with fluids to make semen.
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Keeping the Male
Reproductive
System Healthy
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy
• Know the symptoms of testicular cancer. Look for
unusual lumps, swelling, or a feeling of heaviness,
pain or discomfort in your scrotum or abdomen.
• If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your parents
and see a doctor right away.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
Bellringer
• List 5 things you know about the female reproductive
system.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
Objectives
• State the role of the female reproductive system.
• Describe the function of each of the organs of the
female reproductive system.
• Describe the changes in the body during the
menstrual cycle.
• Summarize four problems that can occur with the
female reproductive system.
• List five things a female can do to keep her
reproductive system healthy.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
What the Female Reproductive System Does
• The function of the female reproductive system is to
produce eggs and to provide a place to support and
nourish a developing human.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
How the Female Reproductive System Works
• Ovaries are the female reproductive organs that
produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
• All of the eggs a female will ever had are already
formed in her ovaries when she is born.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
How the Female Reproductive System Works
• Estrogen regulates body changes during puberty.
• Both estrogen and progesterone are involved in
regulating monthly cycles and in the changes that
take place in the body during pregnancy.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
How the Female Reproductive System Works
• The vagina is the female reproductive organ that
connects the outside of the body to the uterus and
receives sperm during reproduction. It is also part of
the birth canal through which a baby is delivered.
• The urethra carries urine out of the body from the
bladder. It is above and separate from the vagina.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
How the Female Reproductive System Works
• The uterus is the female reproductive organ that
provides a place to support a developing human.
• Eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus through the
fallopian tubes.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
How the Menstrual Cycle Works
• Prior to ovulation (the release of an egg), the lining of
the uterus thickens to prepare to support a growing
human during pregnancy.
• Menstruation is the breakdown and discharge of the
uterine lining out of the vagina. This occurs if a
released egg is not fertilized. Menstruation lasts on
average 3 to 7 days.
• The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
Ovulation usually occurs on the 14th day. However,
this length can vary.
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
Keeping the Female
Reproductive System
Healthy
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy
• Know the signs of breast cancer. Be aware of any
unusual lumps in your breasts.
• If you detect any lumps, tell your parents and see a
doctor right away.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Bellringer
• Examine the photo on page 443 of your textbook.
Why do you think the egg is much larger than the
sperm?
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Objectives
• Describe how a human life begins.
• Summarize how a baby develops during the three
trimesters of pregnancy.
• Identify five things a couple can do to stay healthy
before and during pregnancy.
• Summarize four problems that can occur during
pregnancy.
• Describe the stages of childbirth.
• List three changes that occur during early childhood
development.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How Life Begins
• Sexual intercourse is the reproductive process in
which the penis is inserted into the vagina and
through which a new human life may begin.
• From the vagina, sperm travel through the uterus and
into the fallopian tubes, where fertilization normally
occurs.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How Life Begins
• After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus and
embeds in the uterine wall.
• The developing human in the first 8 weeks of
development is called an embryo.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How a Baby Develops
• The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus.
The placenta provide a developing baby with
nutrients and removes waste. The umbilical cord
connects the embryo to the placenta.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How a Baby Develops
• In the first trimester (first 3 months) the embryo
grows rapidly. By week 4, the heart starts beating,
arm and leg buds appear, and the eyes and brain
start to develop.
• By the end of the first trimester, all the major body
parts and organs have formed.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How a Baby Develops
• Beyond the first trimester, the developing baby is
called a fetus.
• In the second trimester, the organs continue to
develop. By 4 months, the mother can feel the fetus
move or kick.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
How a Baby Develops
• By the end of the second trimester, facial features
are apparent, and you can tell if the fetus is male or
female.
• In the third trimester, the fetus gains most of its
weight. At the end of 9 months, the baby is born.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy
• Some ways to stay healthy before and during
pregnancy include:
• Avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and other
drugs.
• Maintain a nutritious diet.
• Take prenatal vitamins prescribed by a doctor.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy
• Some ways to stay healthy before and during
pregnancy also include:
• Get regular, moderate amounts of exercise.
• Have medical conditions evaluated by a doctor.
• Schedule prenatal care visits throughout the
pregnancy.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Early Child Development
• The first year is the fastest period of physical growth
after birth. By the end of one year, most babies begin
walking and talking.
• In the second and third years, babies become more
socially independent, may have temper tantrums,
and become toilet trained.
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Chapter 18
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early
Development
Early Child Development
• By age 5 or 6, children are ready to begin school.
• The late childhood years, from 6 to 12, involve
dramatic intellectual, psychological, and social
development.
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Brain Food Video Quiz
Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that
accompanies this chapter.
Brain Food Video Quiz
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End of Chapter 18 Show
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Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive
System
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Chapter 18
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
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Quotes About Character
“If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked
shadow.”
—Chinese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.”
—African Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“A man cannot be comfortable without his
own approval.”
—Mark Twain
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Quotes About Character
“Our reverence is good for nothing if it does
not begin with self-respect.”
—Oliver Wendell Holmes
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Quotes About Character
“When the character of a man is not clear to
you, look at his friends.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“What lies behind us and what lies before
us are small matters compared to what lies
within us.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“A good name, like good will, is got by
many actions and lost by one.”
—Lord Jeffrey
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Quotes About Character
“To enjoy the things we ought and to hate
the things we ought has the greatest
bearing on excellence of character.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“He that respects himself is safe from
others; He wears a coat of mail that none
can pierce.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“The reputation of a thousand years may be
determined by the conduct of one hour.”
—Japanese Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Dreams are the touchstones of our
character.”
—Henry David Thoreau
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Quotes About Character
“A man’s character is his fate.”
—Heraclitus
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Quotes About Character
“Character is that which reveals moral
purpose, exposing the class of things a
man chooses and avoids.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“What you do speaks so loud that I cannot
hear what you say.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Abstinence is the surety of temperance.”
—Plato
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Quotes About Character
“This above all, to thine own self be
true/And it must follow, as the night the day/
Thou canst not then be false to any man.”
—William Shakespeare
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Quotes About Character
“No change of circumstances can repair a
defect of character .”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Men acquire a particular quality by
constantly acting a particular way . . . you
become just by performing just actions,
temperate by performing temperate actions,
brave by performing brave actions.”
—Aristotle
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Quotes About Character
“The way to gain a good reputation is to
endeavor to be what you desire to appear.”
—Socrates
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Quotes About Character
“Do what you know and perception is
converted into character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“Rather fail with honor than succeed by
fraud.”
—Sophocles
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Quotes About Character
“Character is higher than intellect.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“To know what is right and not do it is the
worst cowardice.”
—Confucius
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Quotes About Character
“It takes less time to do a thing right, than it
does to explain why you did it wrong.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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Quotes About Character
“Nature magically suits a man to his
fortunes, by making them the fruit of his
character.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Quotes About Character
“That soul that can be honest is the only
perfect man.”
—John Fletcher
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Quotes About Character
“One does evil enough when one does
nothing good.”
—German Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“There is no pillow so soft as a clear
conscience.”
—French Proverb
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Quotes About Character
“Don't forget to love yourself.”
—Soren Kierkegaard
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the indelible mark that
determines the only true value of all people
and all their work.”
—Orison Swett Marden
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Quotes About Character
“What we think or what we believe is, in the
end, of little consequence. The only thing of
consequence is what we do.”
—John Ruskin
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Quotes About Character
“Fame is vapor, popularity an accident,
riches take wing, and only character
endures.”
—Horace Greeley
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Quotes About Character
“You can easily judge the character of a
man by how he treats those who can do
nothing for him.”
—James D. Miles
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Quotes About Character
“Right is right, even if everyone is against
it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is
for it.”
—William Penn
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Quotes About Character
“Our deeds determine us, as much as we
determine our deeds.”
—George Eliot
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Quotes About Character
“Character is the result of two things:
mental attitude and the way we spend our
time.”
—Elbert Hubbard
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Quotes About Character
“A man without character is like a ship
without a rudder.”
—Karl G. Maeser
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Quotes About Character
“Character is much easier kept than
recovered.”
—Thomas Paine
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Quotes About Character
“Character is power.”
—Booker T. Washington
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Quotes About Character
“An individual step in character training is
to put responsibility on the individual.”
—Robert Baden-Powell
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Quotes About Character
“Character is a by-product; it is produced in
the great manufacture of daily duty.”
—Woodrow T. Wilson
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