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Arthropods
SWBAT define exoskeleton; contrast advantages and
disadvantages of an exoskeleton; describe the processes of
circulation, respiration, and excretion in the grasshopper;
describe an open circulatory system; distinguish between
complete and incomplete metamorphosis; list examples of
non-insect arthropods.
Arthropods
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Look at the attached pie graph. Which
invertebrate phylum includes the most
animals?
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What is the defining characteristic of
arthropods?
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Arthropods
Exoskeletons and jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
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A hard, non-living outer covering that supports and
protects an animal
Typical Insect Body
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What are the three common sections to an
insects body?
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Head
Thorax (middle)
Abdomen
Usually have 3 sets of legs
Compound eyes
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Eyes with thousands of small sections, making a
mosaic of images
Turn to page 287
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Look at the pictures and classify each one
(with the help of the chart on page 293) into
the following categories:
Insecta
Crustacea
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Arachinda
Answers
Insecta
Crustacea
Dragonfly crab
Harlequin crayfish
pillbug
Diplopoda
millipede
Arachinda
spider
Facets of Zoology:
Armor of Knights and Arthropods.
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Gives protection
Have compound eyes or
stalked eyes
Have antennae to sense
smells and sound
vibrations
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Limits growth – big
ones can only live in
water because it helps
support the weight
Heavy
Limits movement
They have to molt to
grow – leaves them
vulnerable
Body Systems in Grasshoppers
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Blood
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Heart
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A muscular organ that pumps blood to all body
cells
Artery
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Fluid tissue made up of cells floating in a liquid
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Open circulatory system
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The blood does not remain in the vessels
Body Systems in Grasshoppers
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Tracheae
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Spiracles
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Tiny elastic tubes branch throughout the insect,
and receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Tiny opening that allow gases to pass in and out of
arthropods
Excretory tubes
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Threadlike tubes that collect waste
Circulation in a Grasshopper
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Blood is taken into a heart and pumped out
through an artery, which eventually leaves and
is circulates digested food to the cells of the
grasshopper. The blood passes through small
spaces in the organs and finally returns to the
heart. Because the blood doesn’t stay in
vessels, it is called an open circulatory system.
Respiration in a Grasshopper
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Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is
released through tiny openings called spiracles.
The trachea pump the air through the
grasshopper.
Excretion in a Grasshopper
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Since the blood circulates openly, it collects
waste that is filtered out through the intestine
and then out of the body.
Insect Life Cycles
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Molt
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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Insects shed their old exoskeleton and replace
them with new ones
Insects molt and get larger, but change form
Metamorphosis
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A change in body form, usually has a chrysalis or a
cocoon
Insect Life Cycles
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Nymphs
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Development stage where insects get larger, but do
not change form
Complete metamorphosis
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Has 4 stages
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Egg
Larva
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Pupa
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Most active stage
Resting stage, where the body change occurs
Adult
Other Interesting Arthropods
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List some arthropods that are not insects
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Barnacles
Crabs
Lobster
Shrimp
Pill bug
Centipedes
Millipedes
Scorpions
Tarantulas
Read Facets of Zoology:
The Society of the Bee
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Describe the structure of an insect society.
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Queen - female
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Drones
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Largest
Only fertile female
Males
Workers – females
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Nursemaid - take care of queen
House bees – build and maintain comb
Foragers – bring back food