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Arthropods SWBAT define exoskeleton; contrast advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton; describe the processes of circulation, respiration, and excretion in the grasshopper; describe an open circulatory system; distinguish between complete and incomplete metamorphosis; list examples of non-insect arthropods. Arthropods Look at the attached pie graph. Which invertebrate phylum includes the most animals? What is the defining characteristic of arthropods? Arthropods Exoskeletons and jointed appendages Exoskeleton A hard, non-living outer covering that supports and protects an animal Typical Insect Body What are the three common sections to an insects body? Head Thorax (middle) Abdomen Usually have 3 sets of legs Compound eyes Eyes with thousands of small sections, making a mosaic of images Turn to page 287 Look at the pictures and classify each one (with the help of the chart on page 293) into the following categories: Insecta Crustacea Chilopoda Diplopoda Arachinda Answers Insecta Crustacea Dragonfly crab Harlequin crayfish pillbug Diplopoda millipede Arachinda spider Facets of Zoology: Armor of Knights and Arthropods. Gives protection Have compound eyes or stalked eyes Have antennae to sense smells and sound vibrations Limits growth – big ones can only live in water because it helps support the weight Heavy Limits movement They have to molt to grow – leaves them vulnerable Body Systems in Grasshoppers Blood Heart A muscular organ that pumps blood to all body cells Artery Fluid tissue made up of cells floating in a liquid Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Open circulatory system The blood does not remain in the vessels Body Systems in Grasshoppers Tracheae Spiracles Tiny elastic tubes branch throughout the insect, and receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide Tiny opening that allow gases to pass in and out of arthropods Excretory tubes Threadlike tubes that collect waste Circulation in a Grasshopper Blood is taken into a heart and pumped out through an artery, which eventually leaves and is circulates digested food to the cells of the grasshopper. The blood passes through small spaces in the organs and finally returns to the heart. Because the blood doesn’t stay in vessels, it is called an open circulatory system. Respiration in a Grasshopper Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released through tiny openings called spiracles. The trachea pump the air through the grasshopper. Excretion in a Grasshopper Since the blood circulates openly, it collects waste that is filtered out through the intestine and then out of the body. Insect Life Cycles Molt Incomplete metamorphosis Insects shed their old exoskeleton and replace them with new ones Insects molt and get larger, but change form Metamorphosis A change in body form, usually has a chrysalis or a cocoon Insect Life Cycles Nymphs Development stage where insects get larger, but do not change form Complete metamorphosis Has 4 stages Egg Larva Pupa Most active stage Resting stage, where the body change occurs Adult Other Interesting Arthropods List some arthropods that are not insects Barnacles Crabs Lobster Shrimp Pill bug Centipedes Millipedes Scorpions Tarantulas Read Facets of Zoology: The Society of the Bee Describe the structure of an insect society. Queen - female Drones Largest Only fertile female Males Workers – females Nursemaid - take care of queen House bees – build and maintain comb Foragers – bring back food