Download Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm cont.

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Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Posterior Neck and Scalp:
*remember that there may be differences by one or two vertebra depending on where you get your info*
Musculature of the Back
Muscle
1) Splenius
Capitus
Origin
Ligamentum nuchae
Spinous processes:
C7-T3
Insertion
-Mastoid process of
temporal bone
-Lateral superior
nuchal line.
Innervation
Dorsal rami of lower
cervical spinal nerves.
Blood Supply
Deep cervical a.
(comes off costal
costocervical trunk) &
Posterior intercostals
arteries.
Action
Bilateral: extension of
head and neck.
Unilateral: lateral
flexion and rotation of
head to same side.
2) Splenius
Cervicis
Spinous processes T3T6
Transverse processes
C1-C3
Dorsal rami of lower
cervical and upper
thoracic spinal nerves
Deep cervical a.
(comes off costal
costocervical trunk) &
Posterior intercostals
arteries.
Bilateral: extension of
head and neck.
Unilateral: lateral
flexion and rotation of
head to same side.
*splenius capitus & splenius cervicis: fibers run superiolaterally
Erector Spinae Muscles
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2
3) Erector Spinae Muscles: arise from common broad tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) on lower back (splits into 3 muscles)
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Common origin:
L: angles lower 6 ribs Dorsal rami of spinal
Segmentally: deep
Bilateral: extension of
A) Iliocostalis
(most lateral)
T: angles upper 6 ribs nerves.
cervical, posterior
head and vertebral
ilium, sacrum,
&
transverse
process
intercostals,
subcostal
column.
Lumborum
Lumber vertebrae,
dorsal SI ligament.
C7
and lumbar arteries.
Unilaterally: lateral
Thoracis
C: transverse
flexion of neck and
Cervicis
Posterior branch
processes C4-C6
vertebral column.
internal thoracic a.
B) Longissimus
(middle layer)
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: common tendon,
transverse processes
L1-L5.
Cer: transverse
process T1-T12.
Cap: C4-C7 & TP of
T1-T5.
C) Spinalis
(most medial)
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: spinous processes
T11-L2.
Cer: ligamentum
nuchae & spinous
process C7 – T2.
Cap: indistinct from
semispinalis capitis
(transverse processes
C7-T6).
T: TP of T6-T10.
Cer: TP of T1-T5.
Cap: TP of C7-T6.
4) Semispinalis
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
T: Transverse process
T1 – T12, angles of
lower 9-10 ribs
Cer: transverse
processes C2-C6.
Cap: TP several
levels above, mastoid
process.
T: spinous processes
T1-T4.
Cer: spinous process
of T1 – T4.
Cap: between
superior and inferior
nuchal line.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal
and lumbar arteries.
Posterior branch
internal thoracic a.
Bilateral: extension of
head and vertebral
column.
Unilaterally: lateral
flexion of neck and
vertebral column.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal
and lumbar arteries.
Posterior branch
internal thoracic a.
Bilateral: extension of
head and vertebral
column.
Unilaterally: lateral
flexion of neck and
vertebral column.
T: SP of C6-T4.
Cer: SP of C2-C5.
Cap: between inferior
and superior nuchal
lines.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostal
and lumbar arteries.
Extension of head and
vertebral column,
lateral bending and
contralateral rotates
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3
Suboccipital Triangle
Muscle
1) Rectus Capitis
Posterior Minor
Origin
Tubercle of posterior
arch of atlas. (C1)
2) Rectus Capitis
Posterior Major
Spinous process of
axis. (C2)
3)Obliquus Capitis
Superior
Transverse process of
atlas. (C1)
4)Obliquus Capitis
Inferior
Spinous process of
axis. (C2)
Insertion
medial 1/2 of the
inferior nuchal line
and the skull beneath.
Lateral 1/2 of inferior
nuchal line (occipital
bone)
Superior and inferior
nuchal lines (occipital
bone)
Transverse process of
atlas. (C1)
Innervation
Suboccipital n. (C1)
Blood Supply
Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Action
Extension of skull.
Suboccipital n. (C1)
Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Extension of skull.
Suboccipital n. (C1)
Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Lateral rotation and
extension of head.
Suboccipital n. (C1)
Vertebral a. &
Occipital a.
Lateral depression of
atlas (Bends head
backwards to same
side)
 Suboccipital Triangle made up of 2,3,4
Boundaries and contents of suboccipital triangle:
 Superiormedially – rectus capitis posterior major
 Superiolaterally – superior oblique
 Inferolaterally – inferior oblique
 Floor – posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1.
 Roof – semispinalis capitis
 Contents – vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve.
1) Rectus Capitis
Posterior Major
2) Obliquus Capitis
Inferior
3) Obliquus Capitis
Superior
4) Rectus Capitis
Posterior Minor
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Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Shoulder Girdle:
Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles (superficial layer)
Muscle
1) Trapezius
Origin
-Superior nuchal line
(ligamentum nuchae)
-external occipital
protuberance
-spinous processes C7
– T12
Insertion
Superior: later 1/3
clavicle, acromion
Middle: spine of
scapula
Inferior: root of spine
of scapula
Innervation
Cranial Nerve XI
(accessory nerve) and
branches of C3, C4
Blood Supply
Transverse Cervical
Artery.
2) Latissimus dorsi
-spinous process of
T7-T12
-thoracolumbar
aponeurosis
-iliac crest
-ribs 9-12
Intertubercular groove
of humerus
Thoracodorsal nerve
(C6, C7, C8)
Thoracodorsal
artery, Descending
(dorsal) scapular a.,
Transverse Cervical a.
Action
Superior: elevate,
upward rotation of
scapula.
Middle: retract scapula
Inferior: depress,
upward rotation
scapula.
Extends, adducts and
medially rotates
humerus.
Triangle of Auscultation: able to examine posterior lungs with stethoscope in this area.
T = Trapezius
R = Rhomboid Major
L = Latissimus Dorsi
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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles (deep layer)
Muscle
1)Levator scapulae
Origin
C1-C4 (transverse
processes)
Insertion
Vertebral border of
scapula from superior
angle to root of spine.
C7-T1 (spinous
Medial border
2) Rhomboid
process), Nuchal
(vertebral border) of
Minor
ligament
scapula, root of spine
of scapula.
T2-T5 (spinous
Medial border
3) Rhomboid
process)
(vertebral border) of
Major
scapula, from root of
spine to inferior angle.
*remember that rhomboid minor is superior to rhomboid major.
Innervation
Dorsal scapular n. and
branches of C3, C4.
Dorsal scapular n.
(C5)
Dorsal scapular n.
(C5)
Blood Supply
Dorsal scapular a.,
Transverse cervical a.,
Posterior intercostals a
Dorsal scapular a.,
Transverse cervical a.
Action
-Elevation
-downward rotation of
scapula.
- retracts
- elevates and rotates
scapula inferiorly.
Dorsal scapular a.,
Transverse cervical a.,
Posterior intercostals a
- retracts
- elevates and rotates
scapula inferiorly.
Levator scapulae
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Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Muscle
1) Deltoid
*helps to stabilize
shoulder joint.
2) Teres Major
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Anterior: lateral 1/3 of
clavicle.
Middle: acromion
Posterior: spine of
scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus.
Axillary n.
(circumflex) (C5, C6)
Posterior circumflex
humeral a.
- inferior angle of
scapula (dorsal
surface)
-lower 1/3 axillary
border of scapula
Intertubercular groove
of humerus (medial
lip)
Lower subscapular
nerve (C5, C6)
Circumflex scapular
artery
Action
Anterior: flexes,
horizontal adduction
and medially rotates
arm
Middle: abducts
humerus (assisted for
first 15 degress by
supraspinatus)
Posterior: extends,
horizonatally abducts
and laterally rotates
arm
-Medial rotation and
adduction of humerus.
-Extension
Deltoid
Quadrangular Space:
Superior: teres minor muscle
Inferior: teres major muscle
Medial: triceps brachii muscle (long head)
Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
Contains: Axillary nerve & Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
Triangular Space:
Superior: teres minor muscle
Inferior: teres major muscle
Lateral: triceps bracchii muscle (long head)
Contains: Circumflex Scapular Artery and Vein
Teres Major
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Rotator Cuff Muscles: these 4 muscles form musculotendinous cuff around glenohumeral joint
Muscle
1) Supraspinatus
Origin
Supraspinous fossa of
scapula
Insertion
Greater tubercle of
humerus (superior
facet)
Greater tubercle of
humerus (middle
facet)
Upper 2/3 of lateral
Greater tubercle of
3) Teres minor
(axillary) border of
humerus (inferior
scapula.
facet)
Scapular fossa of
Lesser tubercle of
4) Subscapularis
scapula
humerus
*Mnemonic to remember insertions onto greater tubercle
of humerus (superior to inferior):
2) Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of
scapula
Innervation
Suprascapular n.
(C5, C6)
Blood Supply
Suprascapular a.
*off thyrocervical
Trunk.
Suprascapular n. (C5,
C6)
Circumflex scapular a.
& suprascapular a
Axillary n. (C5, C6)
Circumflex scapular a.
Lateral rotation and
extension of humerus.
Upper and lower
subscapular n.
Subscapular a.
Medial rotation and
adduction of humerus.
Supraspinatus
Action
Assists deltoid in
abduction of humerus
and stabilizes head of
humerus.
Lateral rotation and
extension of humerus.
Infraspinatus
SIT
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
*Insertions onto lesser tubercle of humerus and into
intertubercular groove (lateral moving inferiorly to medial):
SPLIT
Subscapularis (lesser tubercle)
Pectoralis Major (haven’t learned yet)
Latissimus Dorsi
Intertubercular Groove (latissimus dorsi sits here)
Teres Major
Teres minor
Subscapularis
(Intertubercular Groove – “2 majors surround a lady”
pectoralis major and teres major surround latissimus dorsi)
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Serratus Anterior and Posterior Muscles: (intermediate back muscles)
Muscle
1) Serratus
Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Lateral portions of ribs Anterior surface of
1-8
medial (vertebral)
border of scapula.
Innervation
Long thoracic n.
Blood Supply
Lateral thoracic a. of
axillary a.
2) Serratus
Posterior Superior
Spinous processes C7T3, Ligamentum
Nuchae
2nd – 5th ribs beyond
rib angle
Branches of ventral
primary rami (motor)
of spinal nerve T1-T4
Posterior intercostals
arteries
3) Serratus
Posterior Inferior
Spinous processes
T11-L2, thoracodorsal
fascia
9th – 12th ribs
Branches of ventral
primary rami of spinal
nerves T9-T12
Posterior intercostals
a.
Action
Draws scapula
forward(protraction)
Rotates scapula
superiorly, stabilizes
scapula against chest
wall.
Elevates upper ribs
to increase thoracic
cavity during
inspiration.
Depresses lower 4
ribs outward and
downward,
counteracting inward
pull of diaphragm
during expiration.
*Winged Scapula – injury to long thoracic n.
Serratus Posterior
Superior
Serratus Anterior
Serratus Posterior
Superior
Serratus Posterior
Inferior
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Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Back:
**all of these muscles are on previous pages**
Extrinsic back muscles:
1. Superficial back muscles
A. trapezius
B. latissimus dorsi
C. levator scapulae
D. rhomboids
2. Intermediate back muscles
A. serratus posterior superior
B. serratus posterior inferior
Intrinsic (deep) back muscles:
1. superficial intrinsic back muscle layer
A. splenius capitis
B. splenius cervicis
2. intermediate intrinsic back muscle layer
Erector Spinae muscles (from lateral to medial)
A. iliocostalis
B. longissiumus
C. spinalis
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Deep layer of intrinsic back muscles:
Muscle
Transversospinalis
(superficial to deep)
Includes: semispinalis,
multifidus & rotatores.
1) Semispinalis
(superficial)
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
2) Multifidus
3) Rotatores
Origin
**all have same innervation and blood supply**
Insertion
T: transverse
processes of T6-T10
Cerv: transverse
processes of T1-T5
Cap: transverse
processes of C7-T6
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
T: spinous
Processes C6-T4.
Cerv: spinous
Processes C2-C5.
Cap: between
superior and inferior
nuchal line.
Sacrum, ilium,
Spinous process of
transverse processes of superior vertebrae,
all vertebrae.
inserting 2-4 vertebrae
above origin.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals,
subcostals and lumbar
arteries.
Extension of head and
vertebral column,
lateral bending and
contralateral rotation.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Transverse processes
of vertebrae in
thoracic region.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals,
subcostals and lumbar
arteries.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals,
subcostals and lumbar
arteries.
Stabilization of
vertebral column,
extension, lateral
bending, contralateral
rotation.
Stabilization of
vertebral column and
assist with local
extension and
contralateral rotation.
Semispinalis
Lamina of adjacent
superior vertebrae
directly above origin
(1-2 levels).
Multifidus
Rotatores
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Deep layer of intrinsic back muscles (cont.):
Muscle
1) Interspinales
Origin
Upper portion spinous
process of cervical,
thoracic, and lumbar
vertebrae.
Upper border of
transverse processes
of cervical and lumbar
vertebrae.
Insertion
Adjacent inferior
surface of superior
spinous process.
Innervation
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
Lower border of
transverse processes
of superior adjacent
vertebrae.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
3) Levatores
Costarum
Transverse processes
C7-T12.
Posterior surface and
angle of rib below.
Dorsal rami of spinal
nerves.
4) Quadratus
Lumborum
Iliac crest &
iliolumbar ligament.
Transverse processes
L1-L4 and 12th rib.
Ventral rami of T12L4 spinal nerves.
2)Intertransversarii
Interspinales
Intertransverarii
Levatores Costarum
Blood Supply
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Segmentally: deep
cervical, posterior
intercostals, subcostals
and lumbar arteries.
Action
Extension and
stabilization during
flexion of vertebral
column.
Bilateral: stabilize
vertebral column.
Unilaterally: lateral
bending of trunk and
neck.
Segmentally: deep
Elevate ribs in
cervical, posterior
inspiration and assist
intercostals, subcostals in lateral bending of
and lumbar arteries.
vertebral column.
subcostal arteries and
Bilateral: extension of
lumbar arteries.
trunk and also fixes
12th rib.
Unilateral: lateral
flexion.
Quadratus Lumborum
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Muscles of the Gluteal Compartment:
Muscle
1) Tensor Fascia
Latae
Origin
Lateral side of ASIS
Insertion
Iliotibial band (IT
Band)
Innervation
Superior gluteal (L4
and L5)
Blood Supply
Lateral femoral
circumflex artery,
superior and inferior
gluteal
Superior and inferior
gluteal arteries
Action
flexes the leg and
thigh, aids in
abducting and medial
rotation of the thigh
Lateral rotator and
extensor of the thigh
sacrotuberous
superficial: IT Band
Inferior gluteal nerve
ligament and behind
Deep: gluteal
(L5, S1, S2)
posterior gluteal line
tuberosity on femur
of iliac bone, dorsal
surface of sacrum and
coccyx, external
aspect of ilium
external surface of
Flat facet on superior
Superior gluteal (L5
Superior gluteal
Abduction of the
3) Gluteus Medius
ilium between anterior lateral side of greater
and S1)
arteries
thigh, medial rotation
and posterior gluteal
trochanter of femur
(keeps pelvis level
lines
when weight bearing)
Facet on anterior side
Superior gluteal (L4
Superior gluteal
weak medial rotation
4) Gluteus Minimus external surface of
ilium between anterior of greater trochanter
and S1)
arteries
and abduction of hip
and inferior gluteal
lines
**weak gluteus medius due to dysfunction or nerve damage causes pelvis to drop on the opposite side = positive Trendelemburg sign (results from
weak abductor muscles of hip)
2) Gluteus Maximus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
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Muscles of the Gluteal Compartment (cont.):
Muscle
Origin
Anterior lateral
5) Piriformis
surface of sacral
*goes through
greater sciatic notch* segments S2-4,
sacrotuberous
ligament
Internal surface of
6) Obturator
obturator foramen
Internus
*goes through lesser
sciatic notch*
Ischial spine, Ischial
7) Superior
tuberosity
Gemellus
8) Inferior
Gemellus
Ischial tuberosity
(superior), Ischial
spine
9) Quadratus
Femoris
Ischial tuberosity
(lateral side)
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Superior border of
Branches of ventral
Superior and inferior
Laterally rotate thigh
greater trochanter of
rami of S1 and S2
gluteal arteries
when thigh extended
femur
and abduct of thigh
when thigh flexed
medial surface of
greater trochanter of
femur
Nerve to obturator
internus (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery
tendon of obturator
internus muscle
(superiorly) to greater
trochanter
tendon of obturator
internus muscle
(inferiorly) to greater
trochanter
quadrate tubercle on
intertrochanteric crest
of femur and area
inferior to it
Nerve to obturator
internus (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery
Nerve to quadratus
femoris (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery
Nerve to quadratus
femoris (L5 and S1)
Inferior gluteal artery,
medial femoral
circumflex artery
*above piriformis – superior gluteal nerve
*below piriformis – inferior gluteal nerve
Lateral Rotators – stabilize femoral head
in the acetabulum
Piriformis
- Piriformis
- Obturator Internus
- Obturator Externus
Obturator Internus
- Superior Gemelli
- Inferior Gemelli
- Quadratus Femoris
Quadratus
Femoris
Superior Gemellus
Inferior Gemellus
Laterally rotate thigh
when thigh extended
and abduct when thigh
is flexed
Laterally rotate thigh
when thigh extended
and abduct when thigh
is flexed
Laterally rotate thigh
when thigh extended
and abduct when thigh
is flexed
laterally rotate the
thigh
Superior and Inferior
Gemellus are just above
and below Obturator
Internus
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Muscles of the Posterior Fascial Femoral Compartment:
Muscle
1) SemiMembranosis
Origin
ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
medial condyle of the tibial division of
perforating branches
flexes and medially
tibia
sciatic nerve (L5, S1,
of profunda femoral
rotatoes the knee and
and S2)
artery
extends the thigh
ischial tuberosity,
Pes Anserinum
tibial division of
perforating branches
flexes and medially
2) Semiinferior to biceps
(goose's foot) most
sciatic nerve (L5, S1,
of profunda femoral
rotatoes the knee and
Tendinosis
femoris muscle
inferior of three
and S2)
artery
extends the thigh
tendons, superior part
of medial surface of
tibia
hamstring head:
lateral side of head of hamstring head: tibial perforating branches
extends the thigh, flex
3) Biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity
fibula
division of sciatic
of profunda femoral
and laterally rotates
Short head: lateral lip
nerve (L5, S1, and S2) artery
the knee
of linea aspera and
Short head:common
lateral supracondylar
peroneal division of
ridge of femur
sciatic nerve (L5, S1,
and S2)
*medial to lateral: semi-membranosis, semi-tendinosis, biceps femoris*
Lines on the posterior side of the femus:
G – Gluteal Line (gluteal line runs into linea aspera as go down femur)
P – Pectineal Line
S – Spiral Line
Sartorius Muscle:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Most anterior toe of
Femoral Nerve (L2
Branches of the
Flexes, Abducts, and
1) Sartorius (tailor's Anterior Surface of
anterior superior iliac
the pes anserinum
and L3)
femoral artery
externally rotates thigh
muscle)
spine
(goose's foot); superior
part of medial surface
of tibia
(medial to lateral: (SGT) Sartorius, Gracilus, Semitendinosis) Make up the GOOSE’S FOOT!!!
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Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Crural Compartment:
Muscle
1) Gastrocnemius
*crosses knee and
ankle
2) Soleus
*only crosses ankle
3) Plantaris
Origin
Lateral Head: lateral
aspect of lateral
condyle and lateral
supracondylar ridge of
femur Medial Head:
popliteal surface of
femur superior to
medial condyle
superior fourth of
posterior surface of
tibia, posterior aspect
of head & neck of
fibula, interosseous
membrane of inferior
margin of soleal line
of tibia
inferior end of lateral
supracondylar ridge
and oblique popliteal
ligament
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
posterior surface of
tibial nerve (S1 and
posterior tibial artery
plantarflexes foot,
calcaneus via
S2)
raises heel during
calcaneal tendon
walking, flexes knee
joint
posterior surface of
calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon
tibial nerve (S1 and
S2)
posterior tibial artery
plantarflexes foot,
steadies leg on foot
posterior surface of
calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon
tibial nerve (S1 and
S2)
posterior tibial artery
assists gastrocnemius
in plantarflexing the
foot and flexing the
knee joint
*Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Plantaris make up the Achilles Tendon (calcaneus tendon)
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Deep Muscles of the Posterior Crural Compartment:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
1) Popliteus
lateral surface of lateral
condyle of femur and
lateral meniscus
posterior surface of tibia,
superior to soleal line
tibial nerve (L4, L5,and
S1)
posterior tibial artery,
popliteal artery
2) Flexor Hallucis Longus
inferior 2/3 of posterior
surface of fibula and
inferior part of interosseous
membrane
medial part of posterior
surface of tibia inferior to
soleal line
Interosseous membrane,
posteior surface of fibula,
posterior surface of tibia
inferior to soleal line
base of distal phalanx of
great toe (hallux)
tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
peroneal artery
bases of distal phalanges of
lateral four digits
tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
posterior tibial artery
flexes lateral four toes
tuberosity of navicular
bone, cuneiform, cuboid,
and bases of 2-4th
metatarsals
tibial nerve (L4 and L5)
posterior tibial artery,
peroneal artery
plantarflexes foot, inverts
foot
3) Flexor Digitorum
Longus
4) Tibialis Posterior
flexes knee, unlocks locked
knee by rotating tibia
medially on femur, or
laterally on tibia
flexes great toe and
plantarflexes foot
Muscles of the Sole of the Foot:
First Layer:
Muscle
1) Abductor Hallucis
2) Flexor Digitorum
Brevis
Origin
medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus,
flexor retinaculum, plantar
aponeurosis
medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus,
flexor retinaculum,
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
medial side of base of
proximal phalanx on hallux
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery
abducts and flexes the
great toe
both sides of middle
phalanges and lateral four
digits
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery
flexes the lateral 4 toes
16
17
3) Abductor Digiti
Minimi
intermuscular septa
medial and lateral tubercle
of calcaneus, plantar
aponeurosis, intermuscular
septa
lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of 5th
digit
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery
abducts and flexes small
toe
Second Layer:
Muscle
1) Quadratus Plantae
2) Lumbricals
Origin
medial surface and lateral
margin of plantar surface
of calcaneus
tendons of flexor digitorum
longus
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
posterior margin of tendon
of flexor digitorum longus
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery
medial aspect of expansion
over lateral four digits
medial one: medial plantar
nerve (S2 and S3) lateral
three: lateral plantar nerve
(S2 and S3)
medial and lateral plantar
arteries
assists flexor digitorum
longus in flexing the lateral
4 toes
flex proximal phalanges
and extend middle and
distal phalanges of lateral 4
toes
Third Layer:
Muscle
Origin
1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis
plantar surfaces of cuboid
and lateral cuneiforms
2) Adductor Hallucis
Oblique head: bases of
metatarsals 2-4 Transverse
head: plantar ligaments of
metatarsophalangeal joints
base of 5th metatarsal bone
3) Flexor Digiti Minimi
Brevis
Insertion
Innervation
both sides of base of
proximal phalanx of 1st
digit
tendons of both heads
attach to lateral side of
base of proximal phalanx
of 1st digit
base of proximal phalanx
of 5th digit
Blood Supply
Action
medial plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
medial plantar artery
flexes great toe
deep branch of lateral
plantar nerve (S2 and S3)
lateral plantar artery
adducts and flexes great
toe
superficial branch of lateral
plantar nerve (S2 and S3)
lateral plantar artery
flexes small toe
Fourth Layer:
Muscle
Origin
1) Plantar Interossei (3
muscles)
bases and medial sides of
metatarsals 3-5
2) Dorsal Interossei (4
muscles)
adjacent sides of
metatarsals of 1-5
Insertion
Innervation
medial sides of bases of
proximal phalanges of 3-5
digits
first: medial side of
proximal phalanx of 2nd
digit second to fourth:
Blood Supply
Action
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery
adducts and flexes
metatarsophalangeal joints
lateral plantar nerve (S2
and S3)
lateral plantar artery
abducts toes, flexes
metatarsophalangeal joints
17
18
latreal sides of 2nd to 4th
digits
Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot:
Muscle
Origin
1) Extensor Digitorum
Brevis
Dorsal surface of neck of
calcaneus bone
2) Extensor Hallucis
Brevis
Dorsal surface of neck of
calcaneus bone
Insertion
toes 2-5 via extensor
expansion sheath, base of
proximal phalanx of
tendons of extensor
digitorum longus
Base of proximal phalanx
of hallux
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
deep peroneal nerve
dorsalis pedis artery
aids in extending toes 2-5
Deep peroneal nerve
dorsalis pedis artery
aids in extending hallux
**medial to lateral insertion: Extensor Hallucis Brevis, Extensor Digitorum Brevis**
18
19
Muscles of the Lateral Crural Compartment:
Muscle
Origin
1) Peroneus Longus
head and superior 2/3 of
lateral surface of the fibula
2) Peroneus Brevis
inferior 2/3 of lateral
surface of fibula
Insertion
Innervation
lateral side of the base of
the 1st metatarsal and
medial cuneiform
dorsal surface of tuberosity
on lateral side of the base
of 5th metatarsal
Blood Supply
Action
superficial peroneal nerve
(L5, S1, and S2)
peroneal branches of
posterior tibial artery
plantarflex and evert the
foot
superficial peroneal nerve
(L5, S1, and S2)
peroneal branches of
posterior tibial artery
plantarflex and evert the
foot
Muscles of the Anterior Crural Compartment:
Muscle
1) Tibialis Anterior
2) Extensor Hallucis
Longus
3) Extensor Digitorum
Longus
4) Peroneus Tertius
Origin
lateral condyle and
superior half of lateral
surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane
middle part of anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane
lateral condyle of tibia and
superior three fourths of
medial surface of the fibula
and interosseous
membrane
inferior third of anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
medial and inferior
surfaces of medial
cuneiform and base of 1st
metatarsal
dorsal aspect of base of
distal phalanx of great toe
by way of extensor sheath
extensor expansion sheath
of dorsal side of toes 2-5
deep peroneal nerve (L4
and L5)
anterior tibial artery
dorsiflexion and inversion
of the foot
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery
extend great toe and
dorsiflex foot
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery
extends lateral 4 toes and
dorsiflexes the foot
most medial facet on
dorsum of the base of 5th
metatarsal
deep peroneal nerve (L5
and S1)
anterior tibial artery
dorsiflexes the foot and
aids in eversion of the foot
*peroneus tertius is grouped with anterior crural compartment for its action, but is in the lateral compartment of lower leg*
Muscles of the Medial Fascial Femoral Compartment:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
1) Obturator
Externus
External surface of
obturator foramen
trochanteric fossa of femur
2) Pectineus
Iliopectineal line of pubis
Pectineal line on femur
3) Gracilis
Body and inferior ramus of
pubis
Pes Anserinum (goose's
foot), superior part of
medial surface of tibia
Blood Supply
posterior division of
obturator nerve (L3 and
L4)
Femoral Nerve (L2 and
L3)
anterior division of
obturator nerve (L2 and
L3)
Action
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
laterally rotates the thigh
Branches of the femoral
artery, medial femoral
circumflex artery, obturator
artery
Branches of the femoral
artery, medial femoral
circumflex artery, obturator
adduct and flex thigh
adduct and flex thigh
19
20
4) Adductor
Brevis
Body and inferior ramus of
pubis
Upper 1/3 of medial lip of
linea aspera of femur
5) Adductor
Longus
Body of pubis inferior to
the pubic crest
6) Adductor
Magnus
transverse: inferior ramus
of the pubis Oblique:
ischial ramus of ischium
Hamstring: ischial
tuberosity
Medial 1/3 portion of the
medial lip of linea aspera
of femur
transverse: medial to
gluteal tuberosiy, linea
aspera Oblique: lateral lip
of linea aspera and lateral
supracondylar ridge of
femur Hamstring: adductor
tubercle of femur
posterior division of
obturator nerve (L2, L3
and L4)
anterior division of
obturator nerve (L2, L3
and L4)
adductor part: posterior
division of obturator nerve
(L2, L3, and L4)
Hamstring part: tibial part
of sciatic nerve (L4)
artery
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
adduct and flex thigh
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
adduct the thigh
4 perforating branches of
profunda femoral artery,
obturator artery, medial
femoral circumflex artery
adducts and flex thigh
20
21
Iliopsoas Muscles:
Muscle
1) Iliacus
2) Psoas Major
3) Psoas Minor
Origin
Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa,
inner lip of the iliac crest,
ala of sacrum
Anterior lateral surfaces of
T12-L5 vertebrae and discs
between them, transverse
processes of all lumbar
vertebrae
Anterior lateral surfaces of
T12-L5 vertebrae and discs
between them, transverse
processes of all lumbar
vertebrae
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
tendon of psoas major,
lesser trochanter of femur
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
lesser trochanter of femur
via iliopsoas tendon
Ventral rami of lumbar
nerves (L1, L2, and L3)
pectineal line, iliopectineal
eminence via iliopectineal
arch
Ventral rami of lumbar
nerves (L1 and L2)
Action
iliolumbar artery off
internal iliac artery, lumbar
artery
iliolumbar artery off
internal iliac artery, lumbar
artery
flexes the thigh
Lumbar artery
flexes the lumbar vertebrae
flexes the thigh
21
22
Quadriceps Femoris:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Reflected head: between
acetabulum & inferior
gluteal line Straight Head:
anterior inferior iliac spine
Lateral lip of linea aspera
and lateral gluteal
tuberosity via the
quadriceps tendon
Anterior and lateral
surfaces of the body of the
femur
Medial lip of linea aspera
and the most cranial
portion of spiral line
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Extends leg, flex thigh
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Extends leg
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Extends leg
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
5) Vasus Medialis
Obliquis (VMO)
Lowest fibers of vastus
medialis
Base of patella and by the
patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
6) Articularis Genu
Anterior surface of 1/3 of
femur
synovial capsule of knee
joint
Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,
and L4)
Branches of the femoral
artery
Vertical portion: Extends
leg Horizontal portion:
pulls on the patella
medially
Vertical portion: Extends
leg Horizontal portion:
pulls on the patella
medially
Tightens the synovial
capsule
1) Rectus Femoris
2) Vastus Lateralis
3) Vastus Intermedius
4) Vastus Medialis
22
23
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
1) External Oblique
External surface of Ribs 5-12
2) Internal Oblique
Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac
crest, inguinal ligament.
Linea alba, Pubic tubercle,
Ant. Iliac crest, xiphoid
process
Inferior border of 10-12 ribs,
linea alba, pubis.
3) Rectus Abdominus
Pubic symphysis and pubic
crest
Xiphoid process, 5-7th costal
cartilages.
4) Transverse abdominus
Lower 6 costal cartilages,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac
crest, inguinal ligament.
Linea alba, xiphoid process
and pubic symphysis.
5) Pyramidalis
Body of pubis
Linea alba
Blood Supply
- Inf. 6 intercoastal nerve
- Subcostal n.
- Iliohypogastric n
Ant rami of inferior 6 thoracic
and first lumbar nerves.
Ant. Rami of inferior 6
thoracic nerves and superior
and inferior intercostals
nerves.
Action
- Superior, deep and inferior
epigastric artery.
- Flex and rotate trunk
- Compresses and supports the
abdominal viscera
- Compresses and supports the
abdominal viscera.
- Superior, deep and inferior
epigastric artery.
- Flexes trunk and compresses
abdominal viscera.
Ant rami of inferior 6 thoracic
and first lumbar nerves.
Superior, deep and inferior
epigastric a.
Compresses and supports
abdominal viscera.
Subcostal n.
Superior, deep and inferior
epigastric a.
Tenses linea alba
- Superior, deep and inferior
epigastric a.
23
24
Respiratory Muscles:
Muscle
1) Serratus Posterior
Superior
2) Serratus Posterior
inferior
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Costal part:
Lumbar part:
4) Levator costarum
Action
Ligamentum nuchae, SP C7T3
Ribs 2-5 beyond rib angle
T1-T4 spinal nerves
Post. Intercostal a.
Raises the upper ribs
Thoracodorsal fascia
Ribs 9-12
T9-12 spinal nerves
Post. Intercostal a.
Depresses the lower four ribs.
Phrenic nerve
- Ant portion: Musculophrenic
a
- Lat portion: Post intercostal
a
- Post portion: Superior
phrenic a
- Central portion:
Pericardiophrenic a
Pulls down to increase volume
of thoracic cage.
Spinal nerves T1-12
Post. Intercostal a.
Rotates and laterally flexes
V.C, elevates ribs, assists in
inspiration.
3) Diaphragm
Sternal part:
Blood Supply
Post aspect of xiphoid process
of sternum
Inferior six ribs at costal
margins
Lumbar vertebrae by 2 crura
and arcuate ligaments.
12 pairs from TP C7-T1-11
Central tendon of diaphragm
Central tendon of diaphragm
Central tendon of diaphragm
Tubercle angle on outer
surface of rib below.
**external and internal intercostals muscles also aid in respiration
external: aid in inspiration, fibers run “hands in pockets” direction
internal: aid in expiration, fibers run “hands in prayer” direction
*fibers of these muscles run in opposite directions
24
25
Muscles of the Anterior Thoracic Region:
Muscle
1) External intercostal
muscles
2) Internal intercostal
muscles
3) Innermost Intercostal
4) Transversus thoracis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Shaft of rib just lateral to
tubercle
Runs Obliquely, inferiorly and
anteriorly to the rib.
Intercostal nerves
Intercostal a
Keeps ribs from bulging out
Costal groove to superior rib
Superior margin of inferior rib
Intercostal nerves
Intercostal a
Keeps ribs from bulging out
Inferior border of ribs
Xiphoid process and inferior
part of the body
Superior border of ribs
Intercostal nerves
Intercostal a
Probably elevate ribs
2-6 costal cartilages
Intercostal nerves
Intercostal a
Depreses 2-6 ribs
Muscles of the Pectoral Region:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
1) Pectoralis Major
medial 1/2 of the clavicle,
manubrium & body of
sternum, costal cartilages
of ribs 2-6, sometimes
from the rectus sheath of
the upper abdominal wall
Lateral lip of
intertubercular groove of
humerus.
medial and lateral pectoral
nerves (C5-T1)
pectoral branch of the
thoracoacromial trunk
2) Pectoralis Minor
ribs 3-5
coracoid process of the
scapula
medial pectoral nerve (C8,
T1)
pectoral branch of the
thoracoacromial trunk
1st rib and it's cartilage
inferior surface of the
clavicle
nerve to subclavius (C5)
clavicular br. of the
thoracoacromial trunk
3) Subclavius
flexes and adducts the arm,
medially rotates the arm
draws the scapula forward,
medialward, and
downward
draws the clavicle (and
hence the shoulder) down
and forward
25
26
Scapular Muscles: (these were previously studied)
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
1) Deltoid
lateral one-third of the
clavicle, acromion, the
lower lip of the crest of the
spine of the scapula
deltoid tuberosity of the
humerus
axillary nerve (C5,6) from
the posterior cord of the
brachial plexus
posterior circumflex
humeral a.
abducts arm; anterior fibers
flex & medially rotate the
arm; posterior fibers extend
& laterally rotate the arm
2) Supraspinatus
supraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the
humerus (highest facet)
suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
from the superior trunk of
the brachial plexus
suprascapular a.
abducts the arm (initiates
abduction)
3) Infraspinatus
infraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the
humerus (middle facet)
suprascapular nerve
suprascapular a.
laterally rotates the arm
4) Teres minor
upper 2/3 of the lateral
border of the scapula
greater tubercle of the
humerus (lowest facet)
circumflex scapular a.
laterally rotates the arm
circumflex scapular a.
adducts the arm, medially
rotates the arm, assists in
arm extension
subscapular a
medially rotates the arm;
assists extention of the arm
5) Teres major
6) Subscapularis
dorsal surface of the
inferior angle of the
scapula
medial two-thirds of the
costal surface of the
scapula (subscapular fossa)
crest of the lesser tubercle
of the humerus
lesser tubercle of the
humerus
axillary nerve (C5,6) from
the posterior cord of the
brachial plexus
lower subscapular nerve
(C5,6) from the posterior
cord of the brachial plexus
upper and lower
subscapular nerves (C5,6)
26
27
Muscles of Anterior Brachial Compartment:
Muscle
1) Coracobrachialis
2) Biceps Brachii
3) Brachialis
Origin
coracoid process of the
scapula
short head: tip of the
coracoid process of the
scapula; long head:
supraglenoid tubercle of
the scapula
anterior surface of the
lower one-half of the
humerus and the
associated intermuscular
septum
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
medial side of the
humerus at mid-shaft
musculocutaneous
nerve (C5,6)
brachial a.
flexes and adducts the
arm
tuberosity of the radius
musculocutaneous
nerve (C5,6)
brachial a.
flexes the forearm,
flexes arm (long head),
supinates
coronoid process of the
ulna
musculocutaneous
nerve (C5,6)
brachial a., radial
recurrent a.
flexes the forearm
Muscles of the Posterior Brachial Compartment:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
1) triceps brachii
long head: infraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula;
lateral head:
posterolateral humerus
& lateral intermuscular
septum; medial head:
posteromedial surface of
the inferior 1/2 of the
humerus
olecranon process of the
ulna
radial nerve
deep brachial (profunda
brachii) a.
extends the forearm; the
long head extends and
adducts arm
2) Anconeus
lateral epicondyle of the
humerus
lateral side of the
olecranon and the upper
one-fourth of the ulna
nerve to anconeus, from
the radial nerve
interosseous recurrent a.
extends the forearm
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm:
Muscle
1) pronator teres
2) flexor carpi radialis
Origin
common flexor tendon
and (deep or ulnar head)
from medial side of
coronoid process of the
ulna
common flexor tendon
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
midpoint of the lateral
side of the shaft of the
radius
median nerve
ulnar a., anterior ulnar
recurrent a.
pronates the forearm
base of the second and
median nerve
ulnar a.
flexes the wrist, abducts
27
28
3) palmaris longus
4) flexor carpi ulnaris
5) flexor digitorum
superficialis
6) flexor digitorum
profundus
from the medial
epicondyle of the
humerus
common flexor tendon,
from the medial
epicondyle of the
humerus
common flexor tendon &
(ulnar head) from medial
border of olecranon &
upper 2/3 of the
posterior border of the
ulna
humeroulnar head:
common flexor tendon;
radial head: middle 1/3
of radius
posterior border of the
ulna, proximal two-thirds
of medial border of ulna,
interosseous membrane
third metacarpals
the hand
palmar aponeurosis
median nerve
ulnar a.
flexes the wrist
pisiform, hook of
hamate, and base of 5th
metacarpal
ulnar nerve
ulnar a.
flexes wrist, adducts
hand
shafts of the middle
phalanges of digits 2-5
median nerve
ulnar a.
posterior border of the
ulna, proximal two-thirds
of medial border of ulna,
interosseous membrane
median nerve (radial
one-half); ulnar nerve
(ulnar one-half)
ulnar a., anterior
interosseous a.
flexes the
metacarpophalangeal
and proximal
interphalangeal joints
flexes the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal
interphalangeal joints
28
29
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm cont.:
Muscle
7) flexor pollicis
longus
8) pronator quadratus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
anterior surface of
radius and interosseous
membrane
base of the distal
phalanx of the thumb
median nerve
anterior interosseous a.
flexes the
metacarpophalangeal
and interphalangeal joints
of the thumb
medial side of the
anterior surface of the
distal one-fourth of the
ulna
anterior surface of the
distal one-fourth of the
radius
median nerve via the
anterior interosseous
nerve
anterior interosseous a.
pronates the forearm
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm:
Muscle
1) brachioradialis
2) extensor carpi
radialis longus
3) extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Origin
upper two-thirds of the
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
lower one-third of the
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
(common extensor
tendon
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
lateral side of the base
of the styloid process of
the radius
radial nerve
radial recurrent a.
flexes the elbow, assists
in pronation & supination
dorsum of the second
metacarpal bone (base)
deep radial nerve
radial a.
extends the wrist;
abducts the hand
dorsum of the third
metacarpal bone (base)
radial nerve
radial a.
extends the wrist;
abducts the hand
29
30
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm cont. :
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
extends the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints of the 2nd-5th digits;
extends wrist
extends the
metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints of the 5th digit
4) extensor digitorum
common extensor
tendon (lateral
epicondyle of the
humerus)
extensor expansion of
digits 2-5
deep radial nerve
interosseous recurrent
a. and posterior
interosseous a.
5) extensor digiti
minimi
common extensor
tendon (lateral
epicondyle of the
humerus)
joins the extensor
digitorum tendon to the
5th digit and inserts into
the extensor expansion
deep radial nerve
interosseous recurrent
a.
medial side of the base
of the 5th metacarpal
deep radial nerve
ulnar a.
extends the wrist; adducts
the hand
lateral side of proximal
one-third of the radius
(deep) radial nerve
recurrent interosseous
a.
supinates the forearm
radial side of the base of
the first metacarpal
radial nerve, deep
branch
posterior interosseous
a.
abducts the thumb at
carpometacarpal joint
6) extensor carpi
ulnaris
7) supinator
8) abductor pollicis
longus
common extensor
tendon & the middle
one-half of the posterior
border of the ulna
lateral epicondyle of the
humerus, supinator
crest & fossa of the
ulna, radial collateral
ligament, annular
ligament
middle one-third of the
posterior surface of the
radius, interosseous
membrane, mid-portion
of posterolateral ulna
30
31
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm cont. :
Muscle
9) extensor pollicis
brevis
10) extensor pollicis
longus
11) extensor indicis
Origin
interosseous membrane
and the posterior
surface of the distal
radius
interosseous membrane
and middle part of the
posterolateral surface of
the ulna
interosseous membrane
and the posterolateral
surface of the distal ulna
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
base of the proximal
phalanx of the thumb
deep radial nerve
posterior interosseous a
extends the thumb at the
metacarpophalangeal joint
base of the distal
phalanx of the thumb
deep radial nerve
posterior interosseous a
extends the thumb at the
interphalangeal joint
posterior interosseous a
extends the index finger at
the metacarpophalangeal,
proximal interphalangeal
and distal interphalangeal
joints
its tendon joins the
tendon of the extensor
digitorum to the second
digit; both tendons insert
into the extensor
expansion
deep radial nerve
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Intrinsic Thenar Muscles of the Hand:
Muscle
1) abductor pollicis
brevis
2) flexor pollicis brevis
3) opponens pollicis
4) adductor pollicis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
flexor retinaculum,
scaphoid, trapezium
base of the proximal
phalanx of the first digit
recurrent branch of
median nerve
superficial palmar br. of
the radial a.
abducts thumb
flexor retinaculum,
trapezium
proximal phalanx of the
1st digit
recurrent branch of the
median nerve
superficial palmar br. of
the radial a.
flexes the
carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal
joints of the thumb
shaft of 1st metacarpal
recurrent branch of
median nerve
superficial palmar
branch of the radial a.
opposes the thumb
base of the proximal
phalanx of the thumb
ulnar nerve, deep
branch
deep palmar arterial
arch
adducts the thumb
flexor retinaculum,
trapezium
oblique head: capitate
and base of the 2nd and
3rd metacarpals;
transverse head: shaft of
the 3rd metacarpal
Intrinsic Hypothenar Muscles of the Hand:
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
pisiform
base of the proximal
phalanx of the 5th digit
on its ulnar side
deep branch of the ulnar
nerve
hook of hamate & the
flexor retinaculum
proximal phalanx of the
5th digit
3) opponens digiti
minimi
hook of hamate and
flexor retinaculum
4) palmaris brevis
fascia overlying the
hypothenar eminence
1) abductor digiti
minimi (hand)
2) flexor digiti minimi
brevis (hand)
Action
ulnar a.
abducts the 5th digit
ulnar nerve, deep
branch
ulnar a.
flexes the
carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal
joints of the 5th digit
shaft of 5th metacarpal
ulnar nerve, deep
branch
ulnar a.
opposes the 5th digit
skin of the palm near the
ulnar border of the hand
superficial br. of the
ulnar n.
ulnar a.
draws the skin of the
ulnar side of the hand
toward the center of the
palm
Intrinsic Short Muscles of the Hand:
Muscle
1) lumbrical (hand)
Origin
flexor digitorum
profundus tendons of
digits 2-5
Insertion
Innervation
extensor expansion on
the radial side of the
proximal phalanx of
digits 2-5
Blood Supply
median nerve (radial 2)
via palmar digital nerves
& ulnar nerve (ulnar 2)
via deep branch
Action
superficial palmar
arterial arch
flex the
metacarpophalangeal
joints, extend the
proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints of
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2) dorsal interosseous
3) palmar
interosseous
four muscles, each
arising from two
adjacent metacarpal
shafts
base of the proximal
phalanx and the
extensor expansion on
lateral side of the 2nd
digit, lateral & medial
sides of the 3rd digit,
and medial side of the
4th digit
ulnar nerve, deep
branch
dorsal and palmar
metacarpal aa
three muscles, arising
from the palmar surface
of the shafts of
metacarpals 2, 4, & 5
base of the proximal
phalanx and extensor
expansion of the medial
side of digit 2, and
lateral side of digits 4 &
5
ulnar nerve, deep
branch
palmar metacarpal aa.
digits 2-5
flex the
metacarpophalangeal
joint, extend the
proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints of
digits 2-4, abduct digits
2-4 (abduction of digits
in the hand is defined as
movement away from
the midline of the 3rd
digit)
flexes the
metacarpophalangeal,
extends proximal and
distal interphalangeal
joints and adducts digits
2, 4, & 5 (adduction of
the digits of the hand is
in reference to the
midline of the 3rd digit)
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