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SOL REVIEW MATERIALS
FOR UNIT FOUR
Conflict and Cooperation – The Spanish-American War and the United States
Foreign Policy in Latin America, 1898 - 1930
Reasons for
the Spanish
American
War
 Protection of American business
interests in Cuba. The United
States had and interest in many
Cuban businesses:
 Oil
 Sugar Cane Refineries
 Tobacco Plantations
 Hotels and Casinos
 Agricultural Products
Reasons for
the Spanish
American
War
•American support of Cuban rebels to
gain independence from Spain:
For almost a decade, Americans had
been raising money for Cubans seeking
independence. Jose Marti was the
leader of the Cuban independence
movement.
Americans gave money to the cause.
Reasons for
the Spanish
American
War
Rising tensions between Spain and the
United States as a result of the sinking of
the USS Maine in Havana Harbor
The USS Maine exploded in Havana
Harbor on February 15, 1898. The
circumstances were mysterious, but it is
likely that the ship’s destruction was an
accident.
“Remember the Maine!” was the battle
cry of the United States during the war.
Reasons
for the
Spanish
American
War
There were exaggerated news reports
of the events in Cuba – a practice
known as “yellow journalism.”
Newspaper editors William Randolph
Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer both engaged
in this practice, blaming the Spanish for
atrocities – like the explosion of the
Maine.
They wanted the US to declare war on
Spain, some said, only to sell newspapers.
RESULTS OF THE SPANISH
AMERICAN WAR
The United States
emerged as a world
power, earning the
respect of major
military powers in
Europe after
decisively defeating
the Spanish in the
war. Other
imperialist nations
took note: the
United States was a
formidable
opponent.
RESULTS OF THE SPANISH
AMERICAN WAR
At the end of the
war, Spanish misrule
over Cuba was over.
Cuba gained its
independence. The
United States still
considered Cuba a
protectorate,
however – meaning
that while Cuba
was independent,
our nation could
intervene in their
affairs if turmoil or
disorder occurred.
RESULTS OF THE SPANISH
AMERICAN WAR
At the end of the Spanish-American War,
the United States also claimed three
colonies:
 Guam
 Puerto Rico
 The Philippines
 In the Philippines, a brutal civil war
was conducted, and hundreds of
thousands died before the United
States took over the islands.
THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE
 The Roosevelt Corollary
asserted the United
States’ right to interfere in
the economic matters and
disputes of nations in Latin
America or the Caribbean
– the entire Western
Hemisphere. Indeed, we
claimed that we had the
right to settle any disputes
– financial or political,
between nations in the
Western Hemisphere. We
were the new police
power in the region.
THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE
The United States claimed the
right to intervene in any part
of the Caribbean, Central
America, or South America if
their was a disturbance. In
essence we were establishing
our own Sphere of Influence in
the Western Hemisphere.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
PANAMA CANAL IS AN EXAMPLE
OF BIG STICK DIPLOMACY.
Originally, Columbia
(capital city: Bogota)
refused to give the US
permission to build the
Panama Canal.
Roosevelt resorted to
force, though. He
encouraged Panama to
claim independence, sent
in the USS Nashville, and
signed a treaty to build
the canal.
THANKS TO THEODORE ROOSEVELT,
THE PANAMA CANAL WAS COMPLETED
IN 1914, FINALLY JOINING THE
ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC OCEANS.