Download Tudor Rulers

The English
Revolution
Tudor Rulers
Elizabeth I
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Tudors:
•strong rulers
•Good relations with Parliament
•Get what they want from them
Elizabeth
dies 1603
No
children
1603
Elizabeth
New king:
James I
From Scotland
House of Stuart
From early internal fights to hold
power, Elizabeth learned the
importance of appearance and
winning the people
James cares nothing of that
James believes in :
Divine Right
Tells Parliament “There are no
privileges and immunities which
can stand against a divinely
appointed king”
James feels that rights listed in
documents like the Magna Charta
are a threat to their divine
prerogative
James needs money for a war:
*goes to Parliament
*Parliament wants to talk it over
*James Dissolves Parliament
James against Protestant
dissenters
Puritans – want to purify Church
James vows to drive them
out or worse
James is aided
by William Laud
the Archbishop
of Canterbury
Charles I takes over
in 1625
Charles also
believes in absolute
rule
Charles:
*dissolves Parliament
*Jails leaders
*rules w/o Parliament for 11
years
In order to raise money to run the
government Charles must resort
to questionable methods
?
Charles brings back medieval law
‘ship money’, a tax on costal area to
pay for the Navy – but he collects
from inland regions too
The Archbishop of Canterbury
attempts to make religious
changes in Scotland to make them
more like the Church of England
Scotland revolts
Charles has to recall Parliament
for money after Scotland revolts
Long Parliament
Charles attempts to have leaders of
Parliament arrested – it fails
Charles heads north to raise army
Parliament forms the New Model Army
from militia of London and country
squires with business connections
Supporters
of king:
Cavaliers
Supporters
of
Parliament:
Roundheads
Oliver
Cromwell
Roundheads win the war and capture
Charles
Cromwell allows only his supporters
into Parliament
The Rump Parliament
Pride’s Purge
Parliament tries and convicts
Charles I
Small group of radicals takes control
– they are Puritans
Instrument of Governmentconstitution
Cromwell - Lord Protector
Remake society: more moral
Blue Laws
Cromwell not able to work with
Rump Parliament so he dissolves
them
Rules as military dictator with a
regime of generals
Cromwell and the Puritans
attempt to crush Catholicism in
Ireland
They will confiscate Catholic lands
and execute priests
Sets up English landlord for IrishCatholic tenants
This leaves a long hatred for
England
Cromwell dies 1658
People tired of Puritan living
and military rule
Want Stuarts back
Restoration
Charles II
Opens theaters
and taverns
Party time!!!
When
Charles II
dies his
brother takes
over:
James II
James starts suspending laws
of Parliament and appointing
Catholics to key positions
James has two daughters with
st
Protestant 1 wife
Marries a Catholic has a son
Parliament invites first daughter
Mary and husband William of
Orange
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
James II runs away
William signs English Bill of
Rights
*limited monarchy
*supremacy of Parliament
*Power of the purse
*Regular meetings of
8Parliament
•no royal interference with the law. Though the sovereign remains the fount of
justice, he or she cannot unilaterally establish new courts or act as a judge.
*no taxation by Royal Prerogative. The agreement of the parliament became
necessary for the implementation of any new taxes
*freedom to petition the monarch without fear of retribution
*no standing army may be maintained during a time of peace without the
consent of parliament.
*no royal interference in the freedom of the people to have arms for their own
defence.
*no royal interference in the election of members of parliament
*the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to
be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament
*"grants and promises of fines or forfeitures" before conviction are void
no excessive bail or "cruel and unusual" punishments may be imposed
Evolution of Constitutional
Government
1. Political parties – outlet for
differences in ideas of how to
run the country
Tories-tradition & high Church
Whigs-parliament/toleration/city
2. Cabinet System
New Hanover kings were
Germen and relied on leaders of
Parliament to run the country.
Board of advisors became known
as the Cabinet
3. Prime Minister-leader of the
cabinet
Leader of the majority party in
Parliament
1st PM Robert Walpole
Parliament
House of Lords: titled nobles
House of Commons:
wealthy landowners and
businessmen
Few in England can vote