Download Fascism Rises in Europe

Fascism Rises in Europe
Objectives:
1. Summarize Fascist beliefs and policies
2. Describe Mussolini’s rise to power
3. Explain how Hitler and the Nazi’s gained control of
Germany
4. Describe the shift from democratic governments to
dictatorships in eastern Europe
5. Describe Fascist aggression in Asia, Africa and Europe
6. Summarize why British and French appeasement and
American isolationism failed to stop Fascist aggression
7. Explain why the Soviet Union and Germany signed a
peace pact
Fascism
• Militant political movement emphasizing
loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader
• Promised to revive economy, punish those
responsible for hard times and restore
national pride
Benito Mussolini
• Promised to revive Italian economy and rebuild military
• Founded Fascist Party in 1919 – popularity increases as
conditions worsen
• Italy disappointed with territorial gains from WWI
• Inflation and unemployment = social unrest
• Fear Communist revolution – win support of upper and
middle class
• Oct 1922: 30,000 Fascists march to Rome demanding
King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge,
Mussolini’s takes power legally
• Mussolini = Il Dulce “the leader” abolished democracy
& political parties except Fascism, secret police,
censorship, outlaws strikes
Open Your Books…
• Read History Makers on page 808.
Why did Hitler believe making speeches was so
important?
Adolf Hitler
• Joined the National Socialist German Workers
Party = Nazi / Nazism (type of fascism)
– Overturn Treaty of Versailles
– Combat communism
– Swastika = symbol
– Militia called storm troopers or Brownshirts
– Middle and lower class
– Der Fuhrer – leader of Nazi party
Swastika
• “well being” in Sanskrit
• Ancient good luck symbol
• Forms used by Hindu’s, Buddhists, early
Christians and Native Americans
Overthrow Attempt # 1
• Hitler and Nazi’s try to take power in Munich like
Mussolini in Rome, failed and arrested
• Treason = 5 yr sentence, served less than 9 months
• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
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Beliefs and goals for Germany
“Aryan” Germans = master race (Blond, Blue eyes esp.)
“non-aryan” Jews, Slavs and Gypsies = subhuman
Treaty of Versailles = outrage
Vowed to regain lands taken
Germany overcrowded and needed more lebensraum
(living space) by conquering Russia and eastern Europe
Hitler Takes Power
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1924 released, revives Nazi Party, mostly ignored
Depression hits, 30% unemployed
Hitler is named Chancellor in 1933
Called for elections - win
Germany becomes totalitarian state
SS (Schutzstaffel = protection squad) or Gestapo created
loyal only to Hitler, killed enemies
• Opponents arrested, political parties banned, ban strikes,
unemployment drops, censorship, propaganda, books
burned
• Hitler Youth and League of German Girls
• Social Darwinism
Hitler Makes War on the Jews
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Anti – Semitism = hatred of Jews
Less than 1% population
Scapegoats for problems
1933 laws depriving Jews of rights
November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht (Night of
Broken Glass)
– Nazi’s attacked Jewish people and buildings
Question???
Why did Germans support Hitler at first?
Trouble in Japan
• 1930: Great Depression government blamed
• Military leaders gain control – traditional
government, Emperor = symbol of state power
• Emperor Hirohito
• Wanted foreign expansion – Pacific Empire
• Raw materials and markets and space for
population
• Japan invades Manchuria and China – against
League of Nations, take over easily
Mussolini in Africa
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Mussolini wanted colonial empire in Africa
Ethiopia was one of four independent nations
Avenge defeat from 1890’s
Invaded Ethiopia
Appeal to league of Nations for help
Britain and France allow take over to keep the
peace
The Axis Powers
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1935 Germany rebuilds military
“Today Germany, Tomorrow the World”
League of Nations doesn’t stop Germany
Germany invades Rhineland – buffer between Germany
and France
• British urged appeasement – giving in to aggressor to
keep the peace
• Hitler later admits would have backed down if
challenged
• Germany, Italy and Japan make agreements and
become the Axis powers
Unrest in Spain
• General Francisco Franco and army leaders
begin and civil war in Spain
• Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks and
airplanes to help Franco’s Nationalists
• Only Soviet Union helps Spanish Republicans
• 1939 Franco becomes Spain’s Fascist dictator
Open You Books to Page 812
• Look at the timeline at the bottom of the
page.
• Who committed the first act of aggression and
when?
Trying to Keep the Peace
• U.S. = Isolationism – belief that political ties to
other countries should be avoided
• Neutrality Acts – ban loans and sale of arms to
nations at war
• Third Reich = German Empire
– Wanted to absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia,
then Poland and Russia
– Treaty of Versailles prohibits Anschluss (union
between Austria and Germany)
Germany on the Move
• Munich Conference : Mussolini calls meeting w/
Germany, France, Britain, and Italy.
• Austria, Sudetenland, and Czech. are taken over
by Hitler, France and Britain allow
• Mussolini takes Albania
• Hitler demands Poland return port of Danzig,
refuse, Britain and France will guarantee Polish
independence
• Britain and France bargain with Russia against
Germany – negotiations are slow
• August 23, 1939: Hitler and Stalin sign
nonaggression pact – will not attack each other