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Chapter 8 Theory Review Answer Key
Instructions: After you complete the theory review, compare your answers to the correct
answers below.
1. Explain why you think it is important for a beauty professional to be able to recognize
different skin disorders and diseases.
(Answers will vary, but may include a few of the following ideas. First, in the best interests
of the client, it is necessary for a cosmetologist who provides skin care to recognize those
conditions or diseases that may require medical attention. Providing skin care in these cases
may do further harm to the client’s skin. Some conditions may also be infectious and/or
contagious to others in the salon. Next, a cosmetologist who understands different skin
conditions will know how to provide appropriate skin care to clients. Finally, this knowledge
will help make the cosmetologist more empathetic toward clients. Skin conditions are often
the source of shame or embarrassment.)
2. A new client arrives at your salon for a facial, and you notice she has an inflamed red
rash on her chin, which she says is “nothing.” What should you do?
____ a) Perform a facial on the client as scheduled, going easy on the chin area
____ b) Search online to see if you can identify whether the rash is contagious
_(X)_ c) Tell her kindly that you cannot perform a facial without a note from her doctor
3. Explain your answer to Question 2:
Without first receiving a note from a doctor, a salon may not serve a client who has an
inflamed skin disorder. This is true whether or not the condition is infectious.
4. A(n) (lesion)
is a mark on the skin that could indicate an injury or damage that
changes the structure of tissues or organs.
5. The two types of lesions are:
a) (Primary)
b) (Secondary)
6. A(n) (secondary)
lesion is characterized by piles of material on the skin surface or
by depressions in the skin surface.
7. Give an example of a scale: __(dandruff)__.
8. Where on the body are fissures most commonly found?
(On the hands or lips from severe chapping)
9. Which of the seven secondary lesions that were discussed in Chapter 8 of the textbook
require medical referral? ___(An ulcer)____
10. What causes sebum to turn black?
(Oxidation caused by exposure to the environment.)
11. Why does the sebum in a whitehead not appear black? __(Because it is a closed
comedone, meaning the sebum has not been exposed to the external environment.)
12. Match each of following disorders of the sudoriferous glands with its description:
(c) 1. Anhidrosis
a) Foul-smelling perspiration
(a) 2. Bromhidrosis
b) Excessive sweating
(b) 3. Hyperhidrosis
c) Deficiency in perspiration
(d) 4. Miliaria rubra
d) Prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of
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Chapter 8 Theory Review Answer Key
the sweat glands
13. Match each of the following
(b) 1. Dermatitis
(d) 2. Eczema
(a) 3. Herpes simplex
(c) 4. Psoriasis
(e) 5. Conjunctivitis
(f) 6. Impetigo
skin conditions with its description:
a) Fever blister or cold sore
b) Inflammatory condition of the skin
c) Noncontagious skin disease that causes red
patches covered with silver-white scales
d) Inflammatory disease, often accompanied by
painful itching
e) Contagious eye infection caused by bacteria
f) Contagious bacterial skin infection that
usually appears on the face
14. Name six factors that may affect the pigment of the skin:
a) (Heredity)
b) (Hormonal fluctuations)
c) (Prolonged sun exposure)
d) (Skin disorders)
e) (Systemic disorders)
f) (Certain drugs)
15. Match each of the following skin pigmentation disorders with its description:
(c) 1. Albinism
a) Increased pigmentation on the skin
(a) 2. Chloasm
b) Small or large malformation of the skin due to
abnormal pigmentation
(h) 3. Lentigines
c) Absence of melanin pigment of the body
(g) 4.
d) Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration
Leukoderma
(b) 5. Nevus
e) Change in pigmentation caused by exposure to the
sun or ultraviolet rays
(d) 6. Stain
f) Milky white spots of skin
(e) 7. Tan
g) Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal
patches
(f) 8. Vitiligo
h) Technical term for freckles
16. Match each of the following skin abnormalities with its description:
(d) 1. Keratoma
a) A small, brownish spot or blemish
(a) 2. Mole
b) Technical term for a wart
(c) 3. Skin tag
c) Small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin
(b) 4. Verruca
d) An acquired, superficial, thickened patch of
epidermis
17. Why should a trained cosmetologist not remove a skin tag for a client?
(Because by law a cosmetologist is not permitted to cut living skin.)
18. What is the main cause of skin cancer? __(Overexposure to the sun)______
19. Explain the role of the cosmetologist in detecting skin cancer.
(Although it is beyond the scope of practice for a cosmetologist to diagnose skin
cancer or speculate to a client about its possibility, beauty professionals work closely
with clients and are often the first to notice changes in appearance, including skin
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Chapter 8 Theory Review Answer Key
changes. If something seems unusual about a client’s skin, it is important to
encourage the client to see a doctor.)
20. List the parts of the ABCDE Cancer Checklist:
A: (Asymmetry)
B: (Border)
C: (Color)
D: (Diameter)
E: (Evolving)
21. Name the two major factors that cause acne:
a) (Heredity)
b) (Hormones)
22. What causes the red appearance of pimples?
(The redness is caused by blood that surrounds and engulfs an inflamed follicle. The
blood carries white blood cells to fight the infection.)
23. Name four basic ways to treat acne:
a) (Use cleansers formulated for oily skin)
b) (Use leave-on follicle exfoliants to help remove cell buildup from the follicle and
kill bacteria)
c) (Avoid fatty skin care and cosmetic products that may clog follicles from the
outside)
d) (Do not use harsh products or overclean acne-prone skin)
24. When is it appropriate for a salon professional to treat a mild or moderate case of acne?
(Only after receiving specialized education in acne treatment.)
25. Define intrinsic factors that influence skin aging and give three examples:
(Intrinsic factors related to skin aging are those over which people have little control.
They include (1) genetics, (2) gravity, and (3) facial expressions.)
26. Define extrinsic factors that influence skin aging and give seven examples:
(Extrinsic factors related to skin aging are things in the environment that contribute to
the appearance of aging. Examples include (1) sun exposure, (2) smoking, (3)
excessive alcohol use, (4) illegal drug use, (5) cumulative stress, (6) poor nutrition, and
(7) exposure to pollution.)
27. Explain why smoking and drinking, when done together, can be damaging to the skin.
(Smoking and drinking together cause the tiny capillaries and blood vessels to
constantly dilate and contract. They also deprive the tissues of oxygen and water. Both
smoking and drinking make the skin appear lifeless and dull.)
28. Discuss at least three damaging effects of illegal drug use on the skin.
(Using illegal drugs will contribute to the appearance of aging. Some drugs may make
acne or other skin conditions worse. Illegal drugs may also cause dryness or cause an
allergic skin reaction.)
29. You are a cosmetologist who lives and works in a large city. What is the best advice you
can give clients about performing skin care?
(The most important way to improve the appearance of aging skin is to follow a good
skin care program based on the client’s needs. This will also help remove the buildup of
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Chapter 8 Theory Review Answer Key
pollutants that may accumulate on skin from living in an area with high levels of
pollution, such as a large city.)
30. UVA rays, also called (aging rays)
, are deep penetrating rays that weaken the
collagen and elastin fibers, causing (wrinkling and sagging) in the tissues.
31. UVB rays, also referred to as the (burning rays) , cause sunburns, tanning, and most
skin cancers.
32. List the precautions to take when you will be exposed to the sun:
a) (Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF 15 every day)
b) (Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun during peak hours)
c) (Apply sunscreen at least 30 minutes before sun exposure to allow time for
absorption)
d) (Apply sunscreen liberally after participating in activities that result in heavy
perspiration)
e) (Avoid exposing children younger than 6 months to the sun)
f) (If prone to burning frequently and easily, wear a hat and protective clothing when
participating in outdoor activities)
33. Why are cosmetologists likely to have contact dermatitis? __(Because it is caused by
exposure of the skin to, or contact with, certain chemicals or substances.
Cosmetologists use a range of chemical and substances throughout the day.)
34. (Sensitization)
substance.
is an allergic reaction caused by repeated exposure to a chemical or
35. What is the best way to clear up an allergy to a product?
(Discontinue using the product until all symptoms clear up. This may include stopping
services entirely. Serious reactions may require treatment by a dermatologist.)
36. What are the three most likely places allergic contact dermatitis may occur?
a) (On the practitioner’s fingers, palms, or back of the hand)
b) (On the practitioner’s face, especially the cheeks)
c) (On the client’s scalp, hairline, forehead, or neckline)
37. Name two types of products with irritant potential:
a) (Corrosive substances)
b) (Exfoliating agents)
38. Explain what occurs when the skin is damaged by irritating substances:
(The irritant chemicals enter the skin surface and cause possible inflammation, redness,
swelling, itching, and burning.)
39. Name three strategies cosmetologists should follow to prevent a skin problem from
developing:
a) (Keep work surfaces and tools free of product, dusts, and residues)
b) (Wear protective gloves whenever using products known to cause irritant or allergic
contact dermatitis with repeated contact)
c) (Keep hands clean and moisturized to prevent irritant reactions)
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