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11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Do Now: Balance these chemical reactions. 1. ___ C2H4O4 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O 2. ___ Ni + ___ H2SO4 → ___ H2 + ___ Ni2(SO4)3 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Do Now: Balance these chemical reactions. 1. 1 C2H4O4 + 1 O2 → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2. 2 Ni + 3 H2SO4 → 3 H2 + 1 Ni2(SO4)3 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions 5 Types of Chemical Reactions • Combination • Decomposition • Single-replacement • Double-replacement • Combustion. 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B 2 Mg + O2 5 AB 2 MgO Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B AB + 6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combination Reactions When a Group A metal and a nonmetal react, the product is a binary ionic compound. 2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) 7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combination Reactions When two nonmetals react in a combination reaction, more than one product is often possible. S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) sulfur dioxide 2S(s) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(s) sulfur trioxide 8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combination Reactions More than one product may also result from a transition metal and nonmetal. Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s) iron(II) sulfide 2Fe(s) + 3S(g) → Fe2S3(s) iron(III) sulfide 9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB 2 BaO 10 A + B 2Ba + O2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB A + B + 11 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB 2H2O2 12 A + B 2H2O + O2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AB + C 13 AC + B CB+A Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AB + C + 14 AC + B CB+A + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AB + C MgCl2 + 2Na 15 2HCl + F2 AC + B CB+A Mg + 2NaCl 2HF + Cl2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions • The activity series of metals lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity. • A reactive metal will replace any metal listed below it in the activity series. 16 Activity Series of Metals Decreasing reactivity Whether one metal will displace another metal from a compound depends upon the relative reactivities of the two metals. Name Symbol Lithium Li Calcium Ca Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al Zinc Zn Iron Fe Lead Pb Copper Cu Mercury Hg Silver Ag Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions A halogen can also replace another halogen from a compound. • The activity of halogens decreases as you go down Group 7A of the periodic table—fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. • Bromine is more active than iodine, so this reaction occurs: Br2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → 2NaBr(aq) + I2(aq) • But bromine is less active than chlorine, so this reaction does not occur: 17 Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq) → No reaction Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Reactant cations exchange places to form new compounds. AB + CD + 18 AD + CB + Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Reactant cations exchange places to form new compounds. AB + CD 19 AD + CB MgSO4 + K2CO3 K2SO4 + MgCO3 MgCl2 + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2HCl Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Combustion Reactions A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (in the form of heat and light). CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O 20 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Classifying 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> Reactions Now that you have learned about some of the basic reaction types, you can predict the products of many reactions. • The number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and, thus, possible products. 21 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions> END OF 11.2 22 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.