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Gases
Vocabulary
atmospheric pressure
• ____ is the collision of air
molecules with objects.
Avogadro's Law
• Equal volumes of ideal or
perfect gases, at the same
temperature and pressure,
contain the same number of
particles, or molecules is
known as ___.
barometer
• A ___ is used to measure
atmospheric pressure.
Boyle's Law
• According to ____, the
pressure and volume of a gas
are inversely related at
constant mass and
temperature.
Charles' Law
• ____ states that volume and
temperature (in Kelvin) of a
gas are directly related at
constant mass and pressure.
combined gas law
• The _____ combines the 3
gas laws into one - use this
formula when none of the
variables remains constant.
compress
• To ___ something, we apply
pressure to cause it to shrink
in volume.
Dalton's Partial
Pressure Law
• ____ states the total
pressure of a mixture of
gases equals the sum of the
partial pressures of the
individual gases.
diffusion
• ___ is the tendency of
molecules to move toward
areas of lower concentration.
Exp. Air Freshener.
effusion
• ____ is the passing of gas
molecules through a tiny
opening in a container. Exp.
Balloon with a tiny hole.
expand
• When something becomes
larger in volume, it is said to
___.
gas
• One of the three commonly recognized
states of matter, a ___ is a substance
that has neither definite shape nor
definite volume. Like liquids, they are
fluids and assume the shape of their
containers. Unlike liquids, they will
expand to fill any container, regardless
of its size. They also condense into
liquids or solids when sufficiently cooled
or compressed.
gas pressure
• ____is the collision of gas
molecules with the walls of
the container.
Gay-Lussac's Law
• ____ demonstrates that
pressure and absolute
temperature (K) of a gas are
directly related at constant
mass and volume.
ideal gas
• An ____ is assumed to
consist of a large number of
molecules in random motion,
which obey Newton's laws of
motion. They also obey the
other gas laws regarding PT
and V.
ideal gas law
• The ____ considers the
amount of gas in the system,
represented by n.
kelvin temperature
• The ___ scale defines 0 K as
the absence of all thermal
energy (movement of
particles), or absolute zero.
We get K by adding 273 to
our temperature in Celsius.
kinetic energy
• ___ is the form of energy
that an object has by reason
of its motion. We call it the
energy of movement.
potential energy
• Energy stored by an object by virtue
of its position is called ____.
Similarly, a stretched spring has
stored energy that is released when
the spring is returned to its
unstretched state. Other forms
include electrical energy, chemical
energy, and nuclear energy.
standard pressure
• ____ is 1 atm, 760 mm Hg
and 101.3 kPa.
standard temperature
• ___ 0 degrees C or 273
Kelvin.
temperature
• ____ describes the amount of
motion of particles.
universal gas
constant
• The ___ is represented by R
in our ideal gas law equation;
it is derived from all of the
measurements obtained at
STP.
vacuum
• A ___ is empty space with no
particles and no pressure.
Exp. Space.