Download 3D Structure

4 groups of organic
compounds found in
living things
4 Groups of Organic Compounds
Found in Living Things
• “Organic” Compounds
– Organic means “contains
Carbon”
• “Biomolecules” = large organic compounds
– Built by bonding small molecules together to
form chains called “polymers”
– Formed by a chemical reaction called
“condensation”
HOW TO BUILD A LARGER MOLECULE BY COMBINING SMALLER MOLECULES.
Condensation
H
OH
H20
H20
HOW TO BREAK DOWN A LARGER MOLECULE INTO SMALLER MOLECULES.
Hydrolysis
H20
“lysis” = split apart
• ISOMER = Compounds with the same
chemical formula, but different 3D
structure
Chemical formula
3D Structure
O
H20
H
H
• ISOMER = Compounds with the same
chemical formula, but different 3D structure
Chemical formula
Slide 4 of 4
3D Structure
CH2OH
O
C6H1206 = glucose
OH
OH
HO
OH
HOCH2
OH
O
C6H1206 = fructose
OH
CH2OH
OH
CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 1 of 2)
• Made up of C, H, & O
• Main source of
energy
• Used for structural
purposes in plants
(cellulose)
CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 2 of 3)
• SIMPLEST = single sugar molecules =
“monosaccharide”
– Example: glucose, fructose
glucose
Monosaccharide
Think of each
monosaccharide
as a lego piece.
fructose
Monosaccharide
sucrose
H20
Disaccharide
A disaccharide is
made up of two
monosaccharides
CARBOHYDRATES (SLIDE 3 of 3)
• LARGEST = “polysaccharide”
– Example: starch, fiber, cellulose, glycogen
Polysaccharide
A polysaccharide is
made up of many
monosaccharides.
Lipids (Slide 1 of 3)
• Aka “fats”
• Made up of mostly C & H
• Ex: fats, oils, waxes,
steroids
• Used to store energy
(insulation, too)
• Part of the cell membrane
and waterproof covering
• ALL are INSOLUBLE in
water because they are
NON POLAR
Lipids (Slide 2 of 3)
CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2
CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2
CH2 - O – CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2
Long chain of CH is called “fatty acid chain”
= maximum # of H+ atoms
Example: lard
CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2
“double bond”
= at least 1 C = C
(carbon-carbon double bond)
Example: olive oil
Lipids (Slide 3 of 3)
CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH = CH2-CH2
“double bond”
“double bond”
= more than one C = C
(carbon-carbon double bond)
“double bond”
Example: cooking oil
Nucleic Acids (slide 1 of 3)
• They contain C, H, O, N, P
• Nucleic Acids = polymers (made up of
nucleotides)
monomer
N
nucleotide
N
nucleotide
N
nucleotide
“Nucleic Acid”
Nucleic Acids (slide 2 of 3)
• 3 parts of a nucleotide
A) 5 carbon sugar
B) Phosphate group
C) Nitrogenous base
Nucleic Acids (slide 3 of 3)
• Store and transmit hereditary (genetic info)
• 2 types
– DNA
– RNA
sugar = deoxyribose
sugar = ribose
Proteins (slide 1 of 3)
• Contain C, H, O, N and some S
• Basic building block = Amino acid (AA)
Peptide bond
Proteins (slide 2 of 3)
• 3 parts of an amino acid
– amino acid (-NH2)
– carboxyl group (-COOH)
– R group (always different)
Protein (slide 3 of 3)
• Each protein has a
specific role
–
–
–
–
Control rate of reaction
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances
in/out of cell
• Example: “enzymes” =
“proteins” that change
rate of reaction, increase
pH and temperature