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Energy, Work, Power DEFINITIONS • ENERGY: the ability to do work. – When energy is changed to different forms, work is done. Unit: Joule (J) ENERGY • There are many forms of Energy • One form can be converted to other forms • MECHANICAL ENERGY: the energy of an object because of its position or its motion – POTENTIAL ENERGY: stored energy – KINETIC ENERGY: energy of motion KINETIC ENERGY • When an object is moved (thrown, pushed, etc) a force is applied through some distance. The work done results in motion; the work becomes kinetic energy. Ek= ½ mv2 Unit: Joule (J) POTENTIAL ENERGY • Potential Energy depends on: 1) The force acting on the object 2) The displacement (change in position) of the object Ep=Fd • For gravitational potential energy: Ep=mgh m = mass, g = acceleration due to gravity, h = height DEFINITIONS • WORK: the product of force and displacement. Change in energy. – – – – W=Fd W=ΔE The force and displacement must be parallel and in the same direction. Work is done on an object. We do work to overcome an opposing force; we do work to accelerate an object. A scalar quantity. Unit: N·m = Joule (J) DEFINITIONS • POWER: the rate of doing work; the rate of using energy. P=W/t Unit: J/s which is called a Watt (W)