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Identify five factors that affect climate and explain how each affects climate. How does latitude affect climate? Temperature As latitude ________, increases the average decreases annual temperature _________. 0° Latitude 90° How does closeness to a large body of water affect climate? moderates the temperature. Water __________ Cooler summers. _______ Warmer winters. _______ Cities A & B are located at the same latitude. City B is closer to a large body of water. Its temperature line is flatter (moderated). How does the Orographic Effect affect climate? cool, moist Windward Side: ___________ warm, dry Leeward Side: _____________ Page 14 of the ESRTs We live in the troposphere. Temperature decreases with elevation. How does elevation affect climate? Temperature increases the average As elevation _________, annual temperature __________. decreases Elevation How do ocean currents affect climate? Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth Plate 1 CLIMOGRAPHS • One of the best and easiest ways to describe the climate is to use a climograph. Although a climograph does not provide complete climate information, it does portray two of the most important elements of climate -- precipitation and temperature.