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Early Industrial Revolution
Chapter 7 Section 1
Objectives
• Summarize the key developments in the
transportation revolution of the early 1800s.
• Analyze the rise of industry in the United
States in the early 1800s.
• Describe some of the leading inventions and
industrial developments in the early 1800s.
Developing Near Water
• Water was the most
efficient way to move
people and goods.
• Overland
transportation was
expensive whether by
cart, wagon, sleigh,
stagecoach, horse, or
oxen.
National Road
• States chartered toll
roads, called turnpikes.
• Few turnpikes made a
profit or really improved
the cost or speed of
transportation.
• An exception was the
National Road. In 1818,
this route of crushed
stone extended from
Maryland to the Ohio
River.
Steamboats
• In 1807, the first
practical steamboat,
the Clermont, began
sailing from New York
City.
• Steamboats
shortened a trip up
the Mississippi from
New Orleans to
Louisville from
months to days.
Canals
• States built canals,
artificial waterways that
linked unconnected
rivers, lakes, and ports.
• The Erie Canal ran 363
miles from Lake Erie to
the Hudson River.
• Canals linked farms in the
Midwest to markets in the
East, leading to
tremendous growth in
agriculture.
Railroads
• Railroads provided
the most dramatic
transportation growth.
• The first railroads
started in Britain in
the 1820s.
• The United States
had 13 miles of track
in 1830 and 31,000
miles by 1860.
Industrial Revolution
British factories
began using
machines powered
by steam or water
to spin thread or
weave cloth. This
was the start of the
Industrial
Revolution.
In 1793, Samuel
Slater, an English
emigrant, built a
water-powered mill
from memory in
Pawtucket, Rhode
Island.
Francis Cabot Lowell
• Francis Cabot
Lowell combined
all of the steps to
manufacture cloth
in one location, in
Waltham,
Massachusetts.
• He employed
young single girls
from area farms.
Technology
• Work was divided
into small tasks,
reducing the level
of skill or training
needed for many
jobs.
• Unskilled workers
could be paid less
Interchangeable Parts
• Improved
efficiency in
manufacturing
and repair.
• Workers made
individual
components that
were later
assembled.
Elias Howe invented a sewing
machine women could use at home
Telegraph
• Samuel Morse
developed an electric
telegraph.
• Morse code used
dots and dashes
to instantly send
information for
miles.
• By 1860, the
United States had
50,000 miles of
telegraph line.
Farming
• The rise of the factory
system coincided with
great technological
advances
• These advances were
also seen in farms
• Cyrus McCormick
developed a
mechanical reaper
John Deere designed a light but
strong steel plow