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Africa & the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 20 pg. 432-454 the Sudan (savannas of W. Af) Hausa & Yoruba Asante Dahomey Kongo Swahili Coast (E. Africa) The Atlantic Slave Trade • Portugal established pattern mirrored by other Europeans – Factories • First contact based on mutually beneficial trade of goods • Atlantic slave trade result of historical progression Trend Toward Expansion • 12 million Africans shipped on Middle Passage b/t 1450-1850 – 1700s great age of Atlantic slavery • Sugar = impetus for expansion – Brazil, Caribbean – Demographics perpetuates trade Demographic Patterns • Male slaves preferred in Atlantic • Female slaves preferred in Africa & Middle East • Trade’s impact on population hotly debated Organization of the Trade • Control reflected situation in Europe • European mortality & complex routes of trade prevented domination by either side • Triangle Trade African Societies How did the Atlantic slave trade change earlier slave patterns already inherent in African society? Slaving & African Politics • Expansion of states & slaving wars both a cause & result of Atlantic trade – Slaving societies vs. Slaved societies • Role of the gun ↔ slave cycle Asante & Dahomey • Political & cultural development parallel Europe’s in many ways • Yet economies became increasingly dominated by slave trade ex: ↳Asante ↳Dahomey East Africa & the Sudan E. Af • Area of competing interests: African, Middle Eastern, European – luxury items & slaves still largely for Middle Eastern markets Sudan • Renewed Islamization further changed culture & intensified slavery South Africa • Little affected by slave trade Whites • Competitive climate for land – Bantu farmers in interior, Dutch Boers/Afrikaners create coastal outpost but pushed to interior by British colonists Africans (Mfecane & Zulu) • Shaka Zulu organized militarized tribal expansion that either unified or destroyed rivals – Clashed w/ Portuguese to East & Boers/British to South – Established patterns b/t Af & Europeans The African Diaspora • Diaspora = • Slavery became vehicle for globalized Africa Slave Lives • destruction of village → march to coast → loaded on ships → Middle Passage Africans in the Americas • African slaves performed all jobs, but agriculture dominated • In places, slaves outnumbered whites creating fear & tighter controls American Slave Societies • Slaveholders racially organized society – Whites – American-born & Mulatto slaves – African-born slaves • slaves organized society by ethnicity • African-born slaves were larger part of population in Latin America, thus had greater influence People & Gods in Exile • African culture remained important although fused with other beliefs – Religion • Resistance more common in Latin America than N. America End of Slave Trade & Abolition • Abolition movements come from outside forces (Enlightenment) • Economic self-interest was not major force ending slave trade – 1807: slave trade abolished – 1888: world slavery abolished Global Connections • Africa enters the world economy, for better or worse • Africa forced to adapt in ways that weakened it & aided colonization • Legacy of the slave trade lingers long after slavery was abolished
