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Large, Settled Area • Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia • Tigris & Euphrates Large, Settled Area • Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia • Tigris & Euphrates Surplus of Food • Due to development of irrigation • Controlled by priests Large, Settled Area • • Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates Surplus of Food • • Due to development of irrigation Controlled by priests Specialized Labor • • • • • • • • • Scribes Pottery Textile manufacturing Woodworking Leather production Brick making Stone cutting Masonry Farmers Hierarchy • Top: king, priests, nobles and government officials • Middle: merchants, artisans, farmers • Bottom: Slaves Hierarchy • • • Religion Top: king, priests, nobles and government officials Middle: merchants, artisans, farmers Bottom: Slaves • Polytheistic (many gods) • All natural forces had a spirit • Priests used to communicate • Built ziggurats • Saw gods often as cruel Ziggurats Hierarchy • Top: king, priests, nobles and government officials Middle: merchants, artisans, farmers Bottom: Slaves Religion • • • • Polytheistic (many gods) All natural forces had a spirit Priests used to communicate Built ziggurats Government/Laws • Priests leaders at first • War leaders grew into kings • Kings had absolute control • Distribution of food & water • Harsh laws (eye for an eye) • • Hierarchy • Top: king, priests, nobles and government officials Middle: merchants, artisans, farmers Bottom: Slaves Religion • • • • Polytheistic (many gods) All natural forces had a spirit Priests used to communicate Built ziggurats Government/Laws • • • • • Priests leaders at first War leaders grew into kings Kings had absolute control Distribution of food & water Harsh laws (eye for an eye) Technology/Innovations • Ziggurats • Bronze tools • Later used iron • • Writing System • Pictographs (small pictures) • Cuneiform (symbols that stood for sounds) • Used to keep accounts • Developed some literature (Epic of Gilgamesh) Writing System • Pictographs (small pictures) • Cuneiform (symbols that stood for sounds) • Used to keep accounts • Developed some literature (Epic of Gilgamesh) Trade • Within city-states • With outsiders for raw materials (Southwest Asia)
