Download Prevention and Early Detection

Understanding
Cancer Causes
and Prevention
Presented by the
American Cancer Society
Common Cancers
Colon Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Cervical cancer
Prostate Cancer
Skin Cancer
Estimated 2006 Cancer Cases & Deaths
Estimated Cancer Cases
Estimated Cancer Deaths
Skin
62,190
Skin
10,710
Cervical
3,700
Breast
212,920
Prostate
27,350
Prostate
234,460
Colon
55,170
Colon
148,610
Lung
174,470
Cervical
9,710
Breast
40,970
Lung
162,460
Basic Facts About Colon Cancer
Removing polyps early may prevent them from becoming cancer
2nd leading cause of cancer deaths.
3rd most common cancer in men and women
Early colon cancer usually has no symptoms.
Signs & symptoms typically occur only in advanced colon cancer.
One of the most preventable cancers!
Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines
The American Cancer Society recommends every man and
woman 50 years and older begin testing for colon cancer.
Yearly Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) or Fecal
Immunochemical Test (FIT)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Yearly FOBT/FIT plus Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5
years preferred over either test alone
Double Contrast Barium Enema every 5 years
Colonoscopy every 10 years
The best test is the one you get!
Talk with your healthcare provider.
Basic Facts About Breast Cancer
Most frequently diagnosed cancer in women.
Women have a 1 in 7 chance of getting invasive
breast cancer.
The chance of dying from breast cancer is about 1
in 33.
Breast cancer death rates are going down. This
decline is probably the result of early detection and
improved treatment.
Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
Earliest sign of breast cancer is usually an abnormality detected on a
mammogram before it can be felt by the woman or health care professional.
40 and Older
Yearly mammogram
Yearly clinical breast exam
20’s and 30’s
Clinical breast exam every three years
Any age
Report any breast changes such as lump to a
doctor right away
If at increased risk, talk with a doctor about
starting screening earlier or having more frequent
exams
Basic Facts About Lung Cancer
Tobacco smoke causes more than 8 out of 10 cases and 1
in 5 deaths from lung cancer
Accounts for 29% of all cancer deaths.
Takes many years to develop and can not be seen on Xray in early stages.
Often metastasizes before it is found.
People who don’t smoke but who breathe the smoke of
others have a higher risk of lung cancer.
Non-smoking spouses of
smokers have a 30% greater
risk of developing lung
cancer than do spouses of
nonsmokers.
Lung Cancer Screening
Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the U.S.
Lung Cancer screening is currently not advised
even
for people at higher risk, such as those who
smoke.
National 10-year study (launched in 2002) looking
at
whether a new x-ray method called spiral CT
scanning
can reduce lung cancer deaths.
Basic Facts About Cervical Cancer
The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with human
papillomavirus (HPV).
•
When found and treated early, cervical cancer
often can be cured.
•
Symptoms usually do not appear until abnormal
cervical cells become cancerous.
•
Vaccines against HPV have been developed and
shown to be effective.
•
New cases and deaths from
cervical cancer have gone down
in the past several
years due to screening.
Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines
Nearly all cases of cervical cancer can be prevented if a women is
screened regularly.
Screening should begin 3 years after a woman
becomes sexually active, but no later than 21
years of age.
The American Cancer Society recommends
screening with the regular Pap test every year or
the liquid-based Pap test every 2 years.
Basic Facts About Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men.
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in
men, second only to lung cancer.
While 1 man in 6 will get prostate cancer during his
lifetime, only 1 man in 33 will die of this disease.
65% of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in men 65
and older.
African American men are at higher risk.
Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines
The 5-year survival rate for men diagnosed at a local or regional
stage approaches 100%.
Beginning at age 50, men should be
offered
the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
blood
test and a digital rectal examination
(DRE)
every year.
African American men are at increased
risk
for prostate cancer and should be tested
beginning at age 45.
Men with a father, brother, or son with
prostate cancer before age 65 should be
tested.
Basic Facts About Skin Cancer
Two main types of skin cancer are melanoma & non-melanoma
Melanoma
Accounts for about 4% of skin cancer cases, but causes about
79% of skin cancer deaths.
The number of new cases of melanoma in the U.S. is on the
rise.
Non-melanoma (basal cell or squamous cell)
Most common type of skin cancer – more than 1 million cases a
year
Most curable
People do not often die of these cancers. About 1,000 to 2,000
people die of non-melanoma skin cancer per year in the U.S.
Men get these cancers about twice as often as women.
Skin Cancer Early Detection
The best detection is to recognize changes in skin growths or
appearance of new growths.
Melanoma ABCD rule
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variability
Diameter > 6 mm
(E for enlargement of evolution?)
Non-melanoma
Nonhealing, changing, growing sore or bump
Cancer Risk Factors
Risk factors that can’t be changed
Family or personal history of cancer
Age
Gender
Race
Genetics
.
Cancer Risk Factors
Risk factors that can be changed
Use of cigarette & other tobacco products
Diet (Obesity)
Physical inactivity
Alcohol use
Sun exposure
.
Reduce Your Risk
Choices for good health
Follow testing guidelines
Know your family history
Eat a healthy well balanced diet
Get regular exercise
Don’t smoke or use other tobacco products
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
Use the slip, slap, slop method for skin protection
Reduce Your Risk
Tobacco accounts for about 1/3 of all fatal cancer cases.
More than 60 cancer causing agents found in tobacco
If a person stops smoking before lung cancer develops, the lung
tissue slowly returns to normal.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), tobacco cessation telephone counseling &
other counseling services have been shown to be very effective in helping someone quit.
One important thing an employer can do is ban tobacco use in
the workplace
Reduce Your Risk
About 1/3 of fatal cancer cases could be prevented by better nutrition and physical activity
Adults should get moderate to vigorous
activity for a minimum of 30 to 45 minutes,
5 or more days a week
Shown to reduce risk of breast and colon
cancer
Children and adolescents should get 60
minutes a day of moderate to vigorous
physical activity at least 5 days a week
Reduce Your Risk
Choices for good health
Eat 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables a
day
Choose whole grain foods
Limit your intake of red meat
Maintain a healthy weight
Balance caloric intake with physical activity
Lose weight if currently overweight or obese
If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit
consumption
Reduce Your Risk
Cancer of the skin is the most common of all cancers. It accounts for about half of all cancers.
Slip on a shirt
Slap on a hat
Slop on sunscreen
Look for shade in the
in the middle of the day
Wrap on sunglasses
Information
American Cancer Society
1-800-ACS-2345
National Cancer Information Center
24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Comprehensive information about cancer and
resources in your area
www.cancer.org
Comprehensive cancer information
American Cancer Society
Our Mission
The American Cancer Society is the nationwide, community- based
voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major
health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing
suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy, and
service.