Download Catheters, Tubes and Drains

Catheters, Tubes and Drains
Functions
• Placed within surgical wounds, tubular
structures, and hollow organs
• Assist with diagnosis
• Restore functions
• Promote healing
• Prevent complications
Characteristics
• Hollow
• Cylindrical shaped
Not easily catagorized! “CHEST TUBE”
Tubes can also serve as drains
Catheters
•
•
•
•
Remove fluids
Remove objects -----Thrombi/stones
Monitor body functions
Insertion of fluids -----Contrast media, meds
Characteristics of Catheters
• Soft
• Flexible
• Polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, silicone, latex,
polyethylene, and polyurethane etc…
Common Catheters
• Urinary Catheter—Typically drain urine
NOTE: They may have other applications:
example: Provide irrigation fluid within a
duct.
Classifications of Urinary Catheters
• Urethral
• Ureteral (Suprapubic)
• Self-retaining
• Non-retaining
Urinary Catheter Sizing
• French Scale for sizing
• Size is determined by multiplying the diameter
of the item in millimeters by three.
• Available in a variety of sizes
• May possess one or more openings “eyes” in
the tip to allow for drainage
Non-retaining Catheters
• Temporarily inserted
FOR: -Obtain urine specimen
-Decompress bladder
-Maneuver around obstruction
Examples of Non-retaining Catheters
• Robinson
• Coude’ catheter
Non-retaining catheters do not require the use
of a drainage bag
Self-retaining(indwelling) urethral
catheters (Foley catheters)
• Measure urinary output, over an extended
period of time/bladder decompression
(lengthy procedures)
Characteristics of the FOLEY CATH
• Balloon to retain the cath within the bladder
continuous drainage, throughout procedure.
• 5 or 30 cc capacity
• Uses a syringe to inflate balloon with sterile
water
Two-way and Three-way Foley
• Two-way balloon port and urine port
• Three-way balloon port, urine port and
irrigation/medication port
• Some Foley catheters contain a thermometer
at the tip Measure pt’s core temperature
Self-retaining urinary catheters
• Require drainage bag (urimeter) various types
• Specialized 5 in 1 adapter to accommodate
bag
Suprapubic Catheter
• Catheter placed through a surgical opening
Examples: Foley, Pezzer (mushroom) and the
Malecot (winged tip) These do not have a
balloon for retention.
Ureteral Catheters
•
•
•
•
Placed in the ureters with cystoscope
Decompress the kidneys
Identify ureters
Protect ureters
Identification of ureteral caths
• Identified by the tip (shape)
• Typically contain radiopaque marker
Examples: Whistle tip
Olive tip
Cone tip
A drainage bag is needed if the catheter is going
to be retained.
Intravascular catheters
• Infuse fluids
• Obtain diagnosis
• Monitor body functions
• Remove thrombi
Sized according to gauge, French method, may
have a single or double lumen.
May be inserted percutaneously or via a small
incision….(cut-down)
Intravascular Catheters
• Venous access
peripherally, upper extremity, or centrally
Example: Subclavian or jugular vein.
Angio-Cath =vascular cath
Groshong = central vein cath
Intavascular Catheters
• Arterial Catheters
• Inserted temporarily
• Indwelling = provide info (arterial blood
pressure)
• Coronary artery angioplasty
Intravascular Catheters
• Fogarty = balloon tip catheter
Passed beyond an obstruction, balloon is
inflated, catheter is withdrawn, along with the
obstruction. (thrombus, or stone)
TUBES
•
•
•
•
Remove air and fluids
Decompression
Maintain patency of lumen
Administration of O2, anesthetic gases, meds
and fluids (nutrition)
Gastrointestinal Tubes
•
•
•
•
Aspirate air and fluids from GI tract
Passed through nose or mouth
Passed through rectum
May be inserted surgically
GI Tubes
•
•
•
•
Sump design
Dual lumen
Evacuation
Air entry for equalization of pressure within
structure
• Reduce risk of damage to delicate tissues by
preventing constant negative pressure.
Airway Tubes
Maintain patency of the upper respiratory tract
•
•
•
•
ET tube
Oral airway
Nasal airway
Tracheotomy tube
Chest Tubes
•
•
•
•
•
Inserted percutaneously
Treat pneumothorax
Surgically inserted (separate stab wound)
Evacuate air and fluid from pleural space
Connected to a closed water drainage