Download Rhymes, Rhyme Schemes, and the Sound devices

POETRY
Rhymes, Rhyme Schemes, and
the Sound devices
POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY
POET
• The poet is the
author of the poem.
SPEAKER
• The speaker of the
poem is the “narrator”
of the poem.
RHYTHM
• Rhythm It refers to the actual aural experience. The
sound that results from a line of poetry or a verse
• The beat created by the sounds of the words in a
poem
• Factors impacting rhythm:
Timing: pauses, accelerations
interaction of the meter with
pronunciation of words and rhyme.
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POETRY FORM
• FORM - the appearance of the words on the
page
• LINE - a group of words together on one line
of the poem
• STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
KINDS OF STANZAS
Couplet
=
Triplet (Tercet) =
Quatrain
=
Quintet
=
Sestet (Sextet) =
Septet
=
Octave
=
a two line stanza
a three line stanza
a four line stanza
a five line stanza
a six line stanza
a seven line stanza
an eight line stanza
Perfect rhyme
(exact, true, full)
• The ending sounds of both words are identical
• The initial vowel sound in both words must be
identical
• sky /high
• Sound before the vowel sound must differ.
• Green/mean
• Both words must have the same stresses.
• Try /sigh
Characteristics of Near rhyme
(half, slant, approximate, off, oblique)
• Final consonant sounds are the same
• initial consonants and vowel sounds
are different.
• Mat and not
• assonance or consonance are key
components of rhyme
Assonance
• Near rhyme
• Repetition of vowel Sounds in two or
more non-rhyming words
• A Mad Man And A Fat Ham
Consonance
• Near Rhyme
• Repetition of consonant sounds in two or
more non-rhyming words
• Make Calm Calculations quickly
Alliteration
• Repetition of the initial Vowel or
consonant sound in two or more words
Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young - Helplessly Hoping
Helplessly Holding Her Hand
Onomatopoeia
• The formation of a word from a
sound associated with what is
named
• Buzz, bang, beep
Some Other Types of Near Rhyme
Rich rhyme (French for rime riche)
• Word that rhymes with its homonym.
• blue/blew, through/threw
Eye rhyme
• Based on spelling and not on sound.
• love/move, come/home
INTERNAL RHYME
• A word inside a line rhymes with
another word on the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I
pondered weak and weary.
From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe
Auditory Imagery:
The Aural experience
• Listen to the following
pieces of music and
use your IMAGINATION
to create a free write or
word palette
• Where are you
transported to when
you listen? What do
you see or feel in this
place? DESCRIBE
WHAT YOU HEAR
END RHYME
• A word at the end of one line rhymes
with a word at the end of another line
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads And
rusty bells that would not ring.
WHAT IS A RHYME
SCHEME?
• A Rhyme scheme is a pattern seen in the
arrangement of lines in a poem or lyrics for
music.
• letters of the alphabet represent sounds to be
able to visually “see” the pattern.
Robert Herrick- To Anthea
Bid me to weep, and I will weep, (a)
While I have eyes to see; (b)
And having none, yet I will keep (a)
A heart to weep for thee. (b)
Identify the rhyme scheme in
W.B. Yeats
Two Songs from a Play (excerpt)
I saw a staring virgin stand a
Where holy Dionysus died, b
And tear the heart out of his side, b
And lay the heart upon her hand a
And bear that beating heart away; c
And then did all the Muses sing d
Of Magnus Annus at the spring, d
As though God's death were but a play.
c
FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
Connotative literary devices
METAPHOR and SIMILE
• A direct comparison of two unlike things
• “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely
players.”
- William Shakespeare
Turn into a simile: “all the world is like a stage,
and we are like the players”
IMPLIED METAPHOR
• The comparison is hinted at but not
clearly stated.
• “The poison sacs of the town began to
manufacture venom, and the town
swelled and puffed with the pressure of
it.”
- from The Pearl
- by John Steinbeck
• Conceit:
EXTENDED
METAPHOR:
• A metaphor that goes several lines or
possible the entire length of a work.
• Specific to poetry with purpose of showing
a relationship between dissimilar things.
Conceits are often seen as witty, complex,
intellectual and/or startling
• Allegory: a thematic or didactic story in
which people, things or happenings
have interconnected symbolic meaning
Amphigory and parody
• A nonsensical piece of writing (such as
Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky"),
especially one that parodies a serious
piece of writing.
• A text that imitates the characteristic
style of an author or a work for comic
effect
Parodies in Alice’s Adventures
Speak Roughly by Carroll
Speak Gently by G.W.
Langford
Speak roughly to your little
boy,
And beat him when he
sneezes:
Speak gently! It is better far
To rule by love than fear;
He only does it to annoy,
Because he knows it teases.
…
Speak gently; let no harsh
words mar
The good we might do here! …
Hyperbole
• Exaggeration often used for emphasis.
• What Am I?
I’m
bigger
than
the
entire
eart
More
powerful
than
the
se
Though
a
million,
billion
have
trie
Not
one
could
ever
stop
me
I
control
each
person
with
my
han
and
hold
up
fleets
of
ships
I
can
make
them
bend
to
my
w
with
one
word
from
my
lips
I’m
the
greatest
power
in
the
worl
in
this
entire
nation
No
one
should
ever
try
to
sto
a child’s imagination.
Litotes
• from the Greek word 'litos' which means simple
• Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole.
Often it is ironic or a double negative
• He is not the kindest person I've met.
• That is no ordinary boy. He is not unaware of what you said
behind his back.
• This is no minor matter.
• The weather is not unpleasant at all.
• Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy” (verbal
irony)
Idioms and
Idiomatic
expressions
It’s raining cats and dogs
• An expression where the
literal meaning of the
words is not the meaning
of the expression. It
means something other
than what it actually says.
• Often referred to as cliches
because of a common
linguistic understanding
and overuse
.
PERSONIFICATION
and ANTHROPOMORPHISM
• Anthropomorphism is the act of giving the
characteristics of humans to an animal, a god or an
inanimate thing.
• Personification is the literary term used to describe
this act in writing
Patterns in Poetry
METER AND TEMPO
SYLLABLE
• What is a syllable?
• a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound,
with or without surrounding consonants,
forming the whole or a part of a word
• Determine the syllables
“But soft, what light through yonder
window breaks.”
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METER
A pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables.
• Meter occurs when the
stressed and unstressed
syllables of the words in a
poem are arranged in a
repeating pattern.
METER
• A Metrical foot is one unit of syllabic
measurement (2-3 syllables total)
• (x) unstressed
• ( / ) stressed
• Similar to a heart beat, IAMBIC FOOT (x /)
is the meter used by most hip hop artists
(and Shakespeare
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METER cont.
•
•
•
•
TYPES OF FEET (cont.)
Iambic - unstressed, stressed
Trochaic - stressed, unstressed
Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed,
stressed
Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed
Identifying Meter?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monometer
Dimeter
Trimeter
Tetrameter
Pentameter
Hexameter
Heptameter
Octameter
One Foot per line
Two Feet per line
Three Feet per line
Four Feet per line
Five Feet per line
Six Feet per line
Seven Feet per line
Eight feet per line
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Types of Verse
• Blank Verse (formal):
• Any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same
meter, usually iambic pentameter. It was developed in Italy
and became widely used during the Renaissance because it
resembled classical, unrhymed poetry.
• Rhyming Verse (formal):
• Two successive lines of which the final words rhyme with
another.
• Free Verse (informal):
• a form of poetry that refrains from consistent meter patterns,
rhyme, or any other musical pattern
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• Written in lines
of iambic
pentameter, but
does NOT use
end rhyme.
BLANK VERSE
POETRY
from Julius Ceasar
Cowards die many times before their deaths;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
It seems to me most strange that men should fear;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.
FREE VERSE POETRY
• Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry
does NOT have any repeating patterns of
stressed and unstressed syllables.
• Does NOT have rhyme.
Limericks
• five lines
• Usually anapaestic meter
• The first line traditionally
introduces a person and a
place
• Usually witty and/or
obscene
Edward
Lear
There was an Old Man with a nose,
Who said, 'If you choose to suppose,
That my nose is too long,
You are certainly wrong!'
That remarkable Man with a nose.
There was an Old Man of Peru,
Who never knew what he should do;
So he tore off his hair,
And behaved like a bear,
That intrinsic Old Man of Peru.