Download 3. China setting pt 3

Egeo 324: East Asia Human Environment
CHINA THE SETTING
Part 3: Anthropogenic Regional Impacts and
Environmental Policies and Impacts
China Geography & Envr
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I.
China: The Geography and
Environment
3
II. PartChina's
Long Range
Evironmental
Policy
• Historical Expansion
• Minority Areas
• Transportation
• Resource Base
• Industry
China Geography & Envr
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Historical Pattern of Expansion – over
centuries shortages and political pressures
have caused the growth of China
• Starts in North on Plains surrounding Huang
He River -- Northern Inland foundation
• Gradually move South and from Inland areas
to sea and also west & a bit north
China Geography & Envr
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Historical
Growth
of China
China Geography & Envr
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2 A.D.
China Geography & Envr
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“Chinese” Language
evolution and current
distribution in China
China Geography & Envr
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Chinese Empire at its
Century Height
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19
7
A very brief historical
background
• 2500 BC Yellow Emperor – Han People start
• 551-479 BC – Confucius, philosopher
• 221-206 BC – first true emperor Qin Shi
Huang – start of unified CHINA
• 206 BC -220 AD Han Dynasty – first great
Chinese Dynasty
• 1911 End of Imperial China
• 1949 People’s Republic of China established
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Yellow “Emperor”
•
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Yellow Emperor
• The Yellow Emperor or Huang Di (Chinese: 黃帝,
Simplified Chinese: 黄帝, pīnyīn: huángdì) is a legendary
Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is said to be the
ancestor of all Han Chinese.
• One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by
tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE.
• The legend of his retreat to west in the war against the
eastern Emperor Chi You at the Battle of Zhuolu (涿鹿) is
seen as the establishment of the Han Chinese nationality.
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Pre-Historic Five Emporers
All these "emperors" were only people with great
contributions or famous rulers of tribal unions. From
the Bamboo Annals and Classic of History, their
positions are known to have been attained by
election by other chiefs in the tribal unions. When
they die, their children may succeed the positions of
the ruler of their own tribe, but not the position of
the ruler of the tribal union. Their power is much less
than the historical Chinese emperors,
China Geography & Envr
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First Historic Emperor of China
• The first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang
(秦始皇), who coined a new term for
"Emperor" (huangdi 皇帝) by combining
the titles of "sovereign" (huang 皇) and
"god-king" (di 帝) (which is homophonic
with the name of the "Yellow Emperor", the
first traditional emperor (黄 帝),) who had
absolute power over the people.
China Geography & Envr
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First “Historical” Emperor of China
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Emperor.html
China Geography & Envr
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Qinshihuang
Desperate For
Longevity
• Qinshihuang, the first emperor who unified China
in 221 B.C., was desperate in searching elixir of
life, and even sent Taoists overseas for it. He died
of illness at 49 in 210B.C., four years before his
dynasty's collapse.
• When Qinshihuang was still alive, he began to
build his mausoleum with some terracotta warrior
pits. The Qinshihuang Mausoleum is located 30
km east to Xi'an, at the foot of Lishan hills.
Qinshihuang's body is still buried there.
China Geography & Envr
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Summary
• Chinese people (Han) are almost 5,000
years old
• China as a unified state is about 2,000 years
old
• The old guys and gals left a lot behind
• In 1911 the Imperial system ended
• In 1949 the current system began
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Geographic Keys Points
EXTERNAL: Barriers, Invasions & Isolationism
• Sinocentric isolation
• Mongolian/turkic peoples (barbarians) & reactions
(over past 5,000 years)
• China attempts isolation, walls, xenophobia
• Barbarians from the “south” – Europeans 18th
century
• China Attempts isolation, exclusion
• Opium wars force open markets of country
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Geographic Keys Points
INTERNAL: Long historical spatial pattern
• Joining country into empire under new
dynasties
• Fragmenting into separate kingdoms under
declining dynasties
• Refer to Zhang et. al article for the a listing of
this activity
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China’s
Four
Ethno/
Historic
Regions
1.
2.
3.
4.
China Proper
Inner Mongolia
Xinjiang
Tibet
TIBET
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China
Proper:
The
East
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Border and Minority Areas
•
•
•
•
Xinjiang
Inner Mongolia
Tibet
Relationship to Minority Ethno-Linguistic
Regions
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Current Minority Tension
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The
West
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Ethno-Linguistic Patters
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Ethno-Linguistic Patters
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Xinjiang to Nei (Inner) Mongolia
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Tibet
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Plus Two
Xinjiang
Tibet
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