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Monitoring Plan Mike Mickelson and Ken Keay Massachusetts Water Resources Authority OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Boston Harbor project CSO upgrades cleaner effluent improved outfall • better dilution • subpycnocline discharge • distance from shore OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 concerns about outfall relocation safe to swim safe to eat fish aesthetics ecosystem OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Monitoring Plan development 1988 1991 1992 1994-96 1994 1995 1995 1996 regulators require monitoring Monitoring Plan developed baseline monitoring implemented monitoring design modifications Contingency Plan developed Bays Eutrophication Model (BEM) completed draft thresholds developed thresholds revised OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Monitoring Plan development 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 (continued) BEM model tested against monitoring data specific issues addressed (lobster larvae, whale-ship collisions, food web) final threshold statements and statistical protocols Monitoring Plan revised outfall to come on line OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 EPA/MADEP Permit for outfall T01: MWRA’s action list 1. 7. monitor effluent Ambient Monitoring Plan • • • • • 8. test diffuser dilution model eutrophication study lobster larvae submit scope of work for a whale-prey food web model assist review of red tide monitoring Contingency Plan • • • • report exceedances quickly simulate a problem measure parameters relevant to nitrogen removal maintain old outfalls in good working order OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Permit (continued) 9. 10. 11. 13. 15. 16. 18. implement Best Management Practices impose water conservation keep hazardous waste out of the system monitor sludge quality for agricultural use limit industrial discharges monitor and improve CSO facilities maintain the sewer system OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Permit (continued) 20. public reporting includes • the monthly Discharge Monitoring Reports • all “caution” and/or “warning” level exceedances • all reports sent by the MWRA to the OMSAP for review • any proposed changes to the ambient Monitoring Plan or Contingency Plan OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 objectives of monitoring test for compliance with the Permit test whether environmental changes are within the bounds projected by the SEIS test for exceedance of Contingency Plan thresholds OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 basis of thresholds relative to standards • Permit • State, federal criteria or guidelines as assumed in EIS • modeled nitrogen load • dilution achieved by scale model relative to baseline • mean value times a factor • 95th percentile (“appreciable”) OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 effluent monitoring Contingency Plan thresholds • • • • • pathogen indicators, residual chlorine total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand toxicity testing, PCBs flow, pH nitrogen loading other measurements: • numerous organic and inorganic contaminants OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 survey schedule J | F | M | A 1 0 | N F N F C V C | | M | J | 2 0 | N N N F C CC V | N | N N F CC V C x H F | | | | 1 0 J | F | | 2 0 M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | 3 0 4 0 | | N N N N F C C C V x x S L M | | | | N N N F C C C V x 3 0 4 0 J | A | | | D | N N C CC V | | water nearfield water farfield fecal coliform virus sediment flux benthos (hard/soft-bottom) flounder/ lobster/ mussel | weeks 5 0 O months weeks 5 0 | S N N | D months OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 water column stations J - N01 Nearfield, Farfield 42.6 N13 N14 N12 F N11 F - N15 N21 N20 N N04 N03 N02 N19 N18 N09 N05 N16 N06 N17 N07 N08 N10 M N - N A N F 42.4 N M 42.2 J N - N J N - N A N - N F 42.0 F 41.8 S N N O N - F -71.0 -70.8 -70.6 -70.4 -70.2 -70.0 MWRA water column stations. N N D N water chemistry chem + plankton chem + plankton + productivity winter zooplankton outfall diffuser 40 meter depth contour water column Contingency Plan thresholds • dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll • nuisance and noxious algae, zooplankton • diffuser mixing other measurements • • • • temperature, salinity, light, water clarity, solids, all nutrients, plankton photosynthesis, respiration remote sensing, moored instruments, and marine mammal observations • bacterial indicators, viruses OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 benthic stations (soft-bottom) J 42.6 F M 42.4 - A Flux M 42.2 J - Hard-bottom Flux J 42.0 A Flux Soft-bottom S 41.8 - O Flux -71.0 -70.8 -70.6 N D MWRA benthic stations. soft-bottom benthic stations outfall diffuser 40 meter depth contour -70.4 -70.2 -70.0 benthic monitoring Contingency Plan thresholds: • community structure • sediment oxygen, and sediment toxic metal and organic chemicals other measurements: • sediment bulk characteristics, chemistry, and tracers • nutrient and oxygen flux • rock/cobble communities OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 fish & shellfish stations J 42.6 F M F 42.4 - M FLM F Flounder A FLM M 42.2 J Lobster 42.0 J - FL M Mussel A S 41.8 - O -71.0 N D F L M -70.8 -70.6 MWRA fish and shellfish stations. flounder stations lobster stations mussel stations outfall diffuser 40 meter depth contour -70.4 -70.2 -70.0 fish and shellfish monitoring Contingency Plan thresholds • mercury, chlordane, dieldrin, DDTs, and PCBs in flounder, lobster, and mussels • lead and PAH in mussels • liver disease in flounder other measurements: • age, physical abnormalities OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 “In the Massachusetts Bays system, which includes the Harbor, Massachusetts Bay, and Cape Cod Bay, I think we have one of the best environmental monitoring programs not only in the US but in the world” -Dr. Jerry Schubel, OMTF chair Timely response to an exceedance Day 1 Day 5 Day X Day 30 later MWRA receives data indicating exceedance <90 days after sampling; <150 days for benthic diversity Notify plant staff – adjust operations? Notify OMSAP. OMSAP convenes • confirm exceedance • decide on need for increased study or attention Warning Level exceedance • were there adverse impacts? • did MWRA contribute to such impacts? • MWRA prepares a response plan to address adverse impacts that it caused. • report every 30 days until exceedance is remedied. MWRA reports responses in quarterly and annual reports. Outfall Contingency Simulation (Red Tide threshold) Caution Level: Alexandrium tamarense concentration (nearfield seasonal average) exceeds the 95th percentile of the baseline concentration (i.e. exceeds 0.3, 5, or 1 cells/L during winter-spring, summer, or fall, respectively). OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Outfall Contingency Simulation (Red Tide schedule) Day 1 Day 7 Day 9 Day 13 Day 55 Day 226 Sampling. Exceedance noted. Confirmation split sent to WHOI. MWRA notified. MWRA notifies others. MWRA, DMF, WHOI convene technical meeting. OMSAP convenes; advises EPA and MADEP. Summary appears in next quarterly Wastewater Performance Report. Details appear in annual Outfall Monitoring Overview. OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999 Warning Level exceedance: possible responses tightened discharge limits revise plant operational procedures enhanced removal enhanced pollution prevention enhanced educational programs alternate disinfection options nitrogen removal basin-wide nitrogen control diversion of flow other corrective actions to be tailored in a timely fashion OMSAP Public Meeting September 1999