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Chapter 1: People, Politics, and Participation American Democracy Now, 3/e Why Should You Study American Democracy Now? Politics practiced today is not the same as your parents’ brand of politics! What’s changed? Technology: communication & information World events: September 11, 2001, Afghanistan & Iraq Wars ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-2 How Technology Has Changed Politics High speed computers, internet, micro-targeting & cellular technology Information sources: Facebook, Twitter, Internetbased news sites Campaigns: email, instant & text messaging, social networking sites Computers used to conduct elections & for government services Opportunities & challenges ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-3 The Political Context Now 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq 1970s-2000- Increased cynicism, lower trust & efficacy, low voter turnout 2000 study of undergraduates: 2/3s did not trust government to do right thing most of time (reflecting wider public views) ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-4 The Political Context Now: Effect of 9/11 Increased trust in government Upsurge in patriotism Increased voluntarism Optimism for future But this faded as Iraq war/economy soured ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-5 The Political Context Now Trust in government has declined But increased voter turnout among young in 2004 & 2008 & other forms of participationinternet & consumer power Wider individual & communal benefits of civic engagement: knowledge, communication, accountability, efficacy ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-6 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-7 Civic Engagement: Acting on Your Views Civic engagement: Individual & collective actions designed to identify & address issues of public concern (e.g. volunteering, group involvement, campaigning) Political engagement: Citizen actions intended to solve problems through political means We focus on political engagement in this course Get involved! ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-8 People, Politics, and Participation Where Do You Stand? I’m pretty interested in following local politics. a. Agree b. Disagree Source: “Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007,” http://peoplepress.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf, p. 49. ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-9 What Government Does 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The key functions of government include: To protect their sovereign territory and their citizenry and to provide national defense To preserve order and stability To establish and maintain a legal system To provide services To raise and spend money To socialize new generations ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 10 Types of Government Monarchy Oligarchy Usually single ruler, usually king or queen with absolute authority over authority. However, most modern monarchies are constitutional monarchies Elite few holds power Democracy Supreme power of governance in hands of citizens. Most modern democracies are republics or representative democracies ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 11 Types of Government Totalitarian Authoritarian Government control every aspects of their citizens’ lives e.g. North Korea Government holds strong powers, but they are checked by other forces in society e.g. China & Cuba Constitutionalism Government that is structured by law, and in which the power of government is limited ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 12 The Origins of American Democracy Ancient Greeks developed concept of a democracy Citizens decided public issues in city-states based on majority rule But women and slaves not counted as citizens American democracy traces some of its roots to Judeo-Christian tradition and English common law & Protestant Reformation ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 13 Democracy’s Origins in Popular Protest: The Influence of the Reformation and the Enlightenment Divine Right of Kings: Jacques-Benigne Bossuet Protestant Reformation challenged basic tenets of Catholicism Puritans asserted their right to communicate directly with God through prayer The Mayflower Compact: an example of a social contract Enlightenment: emphasis on individuality, reason and scientific endeavor ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 14 The Modern Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651) Social contract between absolute sovereign and people. Sovereign provides protection while people relinquish rights John Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government (1689) Social contract. Government required to protect people’s natural rights in return for popular acceptance of governmental authority. Right of rebellion in absence of such protection. ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 15 The Creation of the United States as an Experiment in Representative Democracy Logic behind rejection of divine right of kings: people could govern themselves Direct democracy: all citizens discuss and decide policy through majority rule Indirect democracy (representative democracy): a system in which citizens elect representatives who decide policies on behalf of their constituents ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 16 Political Culture & American Values Political Culture: the people’s collective beliefs and attitudes about government and the political process Liberty Freedom from government interference in our lives and freedom to pursue happiness Equality Notions of equality have evolved over time. The struggle for equality continues today. ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 17 Political Culture & American Values Capitalism Consent of the Governed An economic system in which the means of producing wealth are privately owned and operated to produce profits. Pure and regulated capitalism Property ownership Government’s power derives from consent of people Individual, Family, and Community ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 18 The Changing Face of American Democracy A Population That Is Growing—and on the Move An Aging Population A Changing Complexion: Race and Ethnicity in the United States Today Changing Households: American Families Today Why the Changing Population Matters for Politics and Government ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 19 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 20 The Aging U.S. Population, 2000-2050 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 21 Population by Race Since 1990 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 22 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 23 Where Hispanics Live ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 24 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 25 Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy Liberalism Associated with the ideas of liberty and political equality; it advocates change in the social, political, and economic realms to better protect the wellbeing of individuals and to produce equality in society Classic liberalism & modern liberalism Conservatism Recognizes the importance of preserving tradition Emphasis on individual initiative, rule of law, limited government authority and free market ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 26 Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy Other Ideologies on a Traditional Spectrum: Socialism and Libertarianism Socialism: an ideology that stresses economic equality, theoretically achieved when government or workers own means of production Libertarianism: government should take a “handsoff” approach in most matters A Three-Dimensional Political Compass Multidimensional scale measures people’s opinions on role of government in economy on one axis and their beliefs about personal freedom on second axis ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 27 The Traditional Ideological Spectrum ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 28 ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 29 People, Politics, and Participation Where Do You Stand? Should the government care for those who can’t care for themselves? a. Yes, it should. b. No, it shouldn’t. Source: “Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007,” http://peoplepress.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf. ©2013, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 - 30