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EE595 Capstone Design
Team #1
• Kahnec De La Torre – Lead Report Manager
– BSEE – Programming and Wireless Networking
• Mike Haynes – Lead Manufacturing Manager
– BSEE – VHDL
• Bounnong Khamphoumy
– Lead Project Integrator
– BSEE – Electronics
• Jason Knedlhans – Lead System Designer
– BSEE – Audio
• Joseph Spitz – Lead Presentation Manager
– BSEE – Cacophonic Electronics
Resource Comparison
Time Resources
• 780 Resource Hours
– 12 hrs/week
– Initial Estimates
• 845 Resource Hours
– Mid-Semester Estimate
– 8.33% increase
Monetary Resources
• $250
– $50 per team member
• $228
– Mid-Semester Estimate
– 9.65% decrease
Selected Project
• A musical instrument
– New variation on synthesizer
– Mounted like a keyboard or upright like a cello
• Enables user to produce varied sounds
– Digital Effects including echo, auto-wah, and distortion
– Analog overdrive effects
• Continuously variable frequency selector
– Requires both hands to play
The i1
Volume
Continuous Frequency
Selector
DSP Status
Analog
And
Digital
Control
Analog Effects
&
DSP Effects
Toggles
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
Serial 16 bit Digital
Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
DSP
Processor
Power Supply
Pre Amp
Filter
DAC
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
Bounnong
Standard Requirements
Market
●
Economic
–
–
–
–
–
●
Total Market Size: $200,000
Estimated Annual Volume: 100
Minimum List Price: $2,000
Maximum Product Material Cost: $250
Maximum Production Cost: $200
Marketing
–
–
–
Market Geography: Global
Market Demography: Musicians – Age 13 and up
Competitors: Roland, Yamaha, Tascam
Standard Requirements
Environment
Operating
Storage
Temperature Range
0 to 40 OC
Humidity Range
0 to 100 %
Temperature Range
-10 to 70 OC
Humidity Range
0 to 100 %
Storage Duration: 1 Year
Standard Requirements
Electrical & Life Cycle
Power
Output
Life Cycle
Input
102 to 253 VAC
Max Power
150 W
Final
20 Hz to 20 kHz
Product Lifetime
10 years
Warranty Period
90 days
Service Strategy
Factory Repair
Standard Requirements
Mechanical
●
Maximum Dimensions:
30.5 x 10.2 x 76.2 cm
●
Maximum Product Mass: 5 kg
●
Maximum Number of PCBs: 2
●
Maximum PCB Area: 465 cm2
Performance Requirements
User Inputs
●
●
●
Frequency Selector
–
Continuously variable selection
–
Frequency range of 1.5 octave per selector
–
Distance between chromatic notes between 2 and 5 cm
Multiple Tap Selectors
–
Selectable effects processing
–
Patch synthesized audio through effect or bypass
Analog Potentiometers
–
To control output amplitude
–
To set amplitude attack
–
To set amplitude decay
Performance Requirements
User Indicators & Displays
●
●
Displays
–
DSP effect state indicator – three digits
–
Level of effect applied
LED Indicators
–
System on/off state
–
Analog effect state
Performance Requirements
Electrical Output Interface
●
¼ inch Jack
●
1000 Ohm impedance
●
Less than 2 volt output magnitude
●
Less than 1% THD
●
20 to 20kHz frequency range
Performance Requirements
Modes of Operation
Any Combination of Analog and Digital Effects
• Digital Effects
– On/off
– Effect
• Echo
• Distortion
• Auto-Wah
– Effect intensity
– Effect parameter
• Analog Effect
– On/off
– Adjustable overdrive intensity
Safety Requirements & Standards
Requirements
●
Maximum surface temperature is less than 40oC
●
Low potential on exposed surfaces < .01 μV
Standards
●
UL 469 Musical Instruments and Accessories
●
UL 1310 Class 2 power units
●
UL 1998 Software in Programmable Components
●
UL 486 Wire Connectors
EMC Standards
Standard
Description
Block #
EN61001–3–3
Limitation of Voltage Fluctuation and
Flicker in Low-Voltage Supplies < 16 A
5
IEC61000–4–4
Electrical Fast Transient & Burst
5
IEC61000–4–5
Power Input Surge Immunity
5
IEC61000–4–8
Power Frequency Magnetic Field
Immunity
5
IEC61000–4–11
Voltage Dip, Short Dropout & Variation
Immunity
5
61000-4-2 EMC Part 4,
Section 2
ESD immunity tests
61000-4-7 EMC Part 4,
Section 7
General guide on harmonics
measurement and instrumentation
1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3, 4
Analog Effects &
Preamp
Kahnec De La Torre
The Instrument
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
Bounnong
Analog Effects & Preamp
Functional Description
Analog Effects
– Provides additional sound effects through analog circuit
– Operates over 3 decade range (20 to 20kHz)
Preamp
– Volume is controlled at the user interface
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Diagram
Audio Effect in
From
Signal Router
Analog Control
Attenuator
Vacuum Tube
preamp
Attenuator
Analog
Signal
to
Signal Router
Preamp in from
Signal Router
Preamp
Volume Control
Passive Noise Filter
Preamp
Volume
Control
Analog Effects Circuit
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
0 to 40 ºC
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
0 to 100 % RH
Min. Storage Temperature Range
(-10) to 70 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 to 100 % RH
Min. Operating Voltage
Range Source 1
Load Current Max
Min. Operating Voltage
Range Source 2
Load Current Max
Min. Operating Voltage
Range Source 3
Load Current Max
Max. Power Consumption
0.15A
0.5mA
0.5A
5.67 to 6.93
VAC
<0.1V
Ripple
114 to 126
VDC
<0.25V
Ripple
4.75 to 5.25
VDC
<0.1V Ripple
5W
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements Cont.
Standard Requirements
Manufacturing Life
10 Years
Mechanical Life
5 Years
Safety
EMC
●
UL 469 Musical Instruments and Accessories
●
UL 486 Wire Connectors
●
61000-4-2 EMC Part 4, Section 2
●
61000-4-7 EMC Part 4, Section 7
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Analog Effects:
Controlled by Voltage
- 2V to + 2V
Signal to Noise Ratio
95 dB
Output to Signal Routing Block
Analog Effect
- 2V to + 2V
Multiple 2nd order harmonics
Input Impedance
10 k Ohm
Output Impedance
1 k Ohm
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Preamp:
Output Connector
Output voltage –
Total Harmonic Distortion
Signal to Noise Ratio
Output Frequency Range
¼ inch phono jack
- 2V to +2V
< 0.02 % (20 to 20kHz)
95 dB
20 Hz to 20 kHz
Input Impedance
10 kΩ
Output Impedance
1 kΩ
Volume Control (Gain Range)
Unity to -35 dB
Including Mute
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Signal Table
Power Signals
Heater Voltage + 6.3 V
Plate Voltage + 100 V
Preamp Voltage + 5V
Preamp Voltage - 5V
Digital Signals
Digital Volume
Analog Signals
Audio Input
Audio Output
Type
AC Power
DC Power
DC Power
DC Power
Type
Digital
Type
Analog
Analog
Direction
Input
Input
Input
Input
Direction
Input
Direction
Input
Output
Voltage
Nominal
6.3V
120V
5V
5V
Voltage Range
Min
Max
5.67V
6.93V
114V
126V
4.75V
5.25V
4.75V
5.25V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
DC
DC
Output
Structure
N/A
Input
Structure
Standard
Freq
Logic
Input Characteristics
Nominal Voltage Vih Min Iih Max ViL Max IiL Max
22.0 Mhz 5V
2.0V
400uA
0.8V
-1.2mA
Coupling
Direct
Direct
Tech
TTL
0
0
0
0
Freq Range
Min
Max
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Voltage Max
Impedance
Freq Range
Amplitude
Min
Max
Min
Max
4.0V
950 ohms 1050 ohms 10 Hz
20 kHz
2.0V
950 ohms 1050 ohms 10 Hz
20 kHz
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
Leakage
Max
8 uA
8 uA
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.25V
0.1V
0.1V
Current
Max
0.15A
0.5mA
0.5A
0.5A
Analog Effects & Preamp
Manufacturing and Testing Considerations
The 12AX7 Vacuum Tube
–
Consider buying pre-tested tubes.
–
Or must test tubes prior to assembly.
Analog Effects & Preamp
DFM Plan
Common
Mandatory
DC Gain vs
Component
Gain vs
Freq vs
Comp.
Var
Variations
Tasks
Phase vs
Noise
Input
Output
Freq vs
And/Or
Z
Pulse
Response &
Delay
Z
Comp Var
Ripple
DC Gain vs
Comp.
Variations
SlewMax
Small
Signal
Transistor
Amp
Offset
DC Gain vs
Comp.
Variations
V
rate
Power
Open Loop
Gain Margin
Open Loop
Phase Margin
Open Loop
Gain Margin
Open Loop
Phase Margin
Open Loop
Phase Margin
Pole Zero
Locations or
Fosc
Semicond
Power & Junct
Temps
Semicond
Package &
Heatsink
BW
SlewMax
Small
Signal
Transistor
Amp
Offset
Variations
V
Rate
Power
Semicond
Power & Junct
Temps
Semicond
Package &
Heatsink
BW
V or I
Xfer
Passive
Filter
DC Gain vs
Comp.
Func
DC Gain vs
Comp.
Variations
O. L.
Gain
Passive Filter
Margin
Mandatory Tasks
Recommended Tasks
V or I Transfer
Function
Analog Effects & Preamp
Passive Component Specifications
Component
Nominal
Value or
Max Value
Resistor
2k Ohm
Potentiometer
2M
Ohm
Fixed/Bypass
Capacitor
Adjustment
Range,
%/Turn
Tolerance
Around
Nominal
1%
9%
5%
Derated
Power
Capacity
Max
Working
Voltage
Composition
Dielectric or
Form
Q Factor or
Frequency
Variation
Pkg
¼W
Carbon
Film
Axial
¼W
Carbon
Film
Axial
5u,10n
Farad
Mandatory Tasks
5%
5V
Electrolytic
Recommended Tasks
?
Axial
Analog Effects & Preamp
Passive Components Specs. Cont.
Component
Nominal
Value or Max
Value
Resistor
2k, 10k,
100k, 47k
Ohm
Potentiometer
1M Ohm
Fixed/Bypass
Capacitor
0.1u,
10u,
100u
Farad
Adjustment
Range,
%/Turn
Tolerance
Around
Nominal
Derated
Power
Capacity
1%
9%
Mandatory Tasks
5%
5%
Max
V
Composition
Dielectric or
Form
Q Factor or
Frequency
Variation
Pkg
¼W
Carbon
Film
Axial
¼W
Carbon
Film
Axial
5V
Electrolytic
Recommended Tasks
?
Axial
Analog Effects & Preamp
PCB Layout
Pot
Pot
12AX7
Vacuum
Tube
LM833 op amps
528 cm2
Analog Effects & Preamp
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Analog Effects
& Preamp
Block
Area
(cm2)
282
Total PCB
PCB
Component
Socketed
Types of
Area (cm2)
Substrate
Attachment
Components
Connectors
Type
Type
SiO2
Wire Wrap
Vacuum Tube
¼ inch Phone
Op Amps
Jack
282
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Task/Resources Estimate
• Resource hours to be
invested after 10/11/2005
• Monetary Investment
• 122 hours
• $30
Digital Effects
Jason Knedlhans
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
DSP
Processor
Power Supply
Pre Amp
Filter
DAC
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
Bounnong
Digital Effects
Functional Description
• Allows user to add digital audio effects to the original audio
signals created by oscillators
• Converts analog audio signal to a digital signal
• Applies digital effects
– Distortion
– Echo
– Auto Wah
• Audio is then converted to an analog signal for final output
stage.
Digital Effects
Block Description
Analog
Input
± 5V
Antialiasing
Filter
ADC
ADC
Digital
Controls
ADC
DAC
Serial
DSP
Analog
Output
± 5V
Processor
Audio
Filter
Memory
Serial
DSP State
Digital Effects
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
Min. Storage Temperature Range
0 – 40 ºC
0 – 100 % N.C.
-10 – 70 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 – 100 % N.C.
Min. Source 1 Voltage Range
4 – 5.25 VDC
Min, Source 1 Current Draw
Min. Source 2 Voltage Range
Min. Source 2 Current Draw
Max. Power Consumption
500 mA
-5.25 – -4.75 VDC
500 mA
1W
Digital Effects
Block Requirements Cont.
Standard Requirements
Max. Parts and Material Costs
$50
Max. Manufacturing Costs
$20
Max. PCB Area
232 cm2
Max. Block Area
232 cm2
Max. User Interface Voltage
Block Lifetime
Service Strategy
.01 μV
10 years
Factory Repair
Digital Effects
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Input & Output Audio Frequency Range
20 Hz to 20 kHz
Input & Output Voltage Range
+/- 2 V
Minimum Throughput
50 ms
Minimum Sampling Rate
44.1 kHz
Max. Input Impedance
20 kW
Max. Output Impedance
1 kW
Minimum THD @ 1kHz
0.1 %
Minimum SNR
90 dB
Digital Effects
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Processor Requirements
Digital Word Length
16 bits
Minimum Instructions Per Second
1 MIPS
Direct bit Input
Yes
Multiply Function
Yes
Preferred Serial Interfaces
SPI, DCI, I2C, Standard 4
Wire
Digital Effects
Analog DFM Plan
Sub Circuit
Applicable Worst Case Analysis Plan
Type
(See DFM Analysis Guide)
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5
Task 6
Task 7
Task 8
Task 9
Task 10
Input Signal
Conditioning
Audio ADC
R, L & C
Tol
RLC
Specs
Gain vs
Freq
Gain
Slewrate
Step
Response
Input Z
Output Z
DC Offset
Voltage
Total
Bandwidth
BW
Volume Control
Max
Offset
Voltage
Senicond
Pulse
Response &
Delay
Over
Current
Protect
Pulse
Response &
Delay
Over
Current
Protect
Max DNL
Max INL
Error
Error
Input Z
Noise
Package &
Noise
Heatsink
Parameter
Control
Max
Offset
Voltage
Input Z
Noise
Senicond
Package &
Heatsink
Audio DAC
R, L & C
Tol
RLC
Specs
Max Offset
Error
Max Gain
Error
Output Z
Worst Case
Total Error
Bits, Volts
Effect Select
Max
Offset
Voltage
Input Z
TP
Hysteresis
Noise
Senicond
Ripple
Package &
Pulse
Response &
Delay
Heatsink
Display
Controller
Output
Max
Offset
Voltage
Output Z
Current
Available
Over Current
Protection
V&I
Regulation
Senicond
Package &
Required
Heatsink
Over
Current
Protect
Sample/Hold
Required?
Conversion
Speed
Digital Effects
Analog DFM – Discrete Components
Passive Discrete Specifications
Component
Resistor
Resistor
Resistor
Resistor
Resistor
Potentiometer
Fixed Capacitor
Fixed Capacitor
Fixed Capacitor
Nominal
Value or Adjustment Tolerance Derated
Max
Range,
Around
Power
Value
%/Turn
Nominal Capacity
12 W
1% 125 mW
200 W
1% 126 mW
1 kW
1% 20 mW
200 kW
1% 20 mW
500 W
1% 500 mW
200 W
100%/Turn
1% 20 mW
1 mF
15% 500 mW
100 pF
15% 20 mW
10 pF
20% 500 mW
Maximum
Working
Voltage
2V
5.5 V
5.5 V
5.5 V
8V
4V
5.5 V
5.5 V
5.5 V
Maximum
Constant
Current
200 mA
25 mA
5 mA
1 mA
10 mA
100 mA
200 mA
20 mA
200 mA
Maximum
Surge
Current
400 mA
50 mA
15 mA
2 mA
20 mA
200 mA
400 mA
40 mA
400 mA
Q Factor or
Frequency
Composition
Dielectric or Form Variation
Package
Carbon Film
Through Hole
Carbon Film
Through Hole
Carbon Film
Through Hole
Carbon Film
Through Hole
Carbon Film
Through Hole
Cermet Single-Turn
DIP
Thin Film
PC Mount
Thin Film
PC Mount
Electrolytic
PC Mount
Digital Effects
Digital DFM – DC Drive Analysis Table
Digital
Device
Output
Input
Type
Tech
Type
DC Drive Device Parameters
Type
DSP I2C
Output
Digital
DSP SPI
Output
Digital
DAC & ADC
Analog
Vil
Vih
Iil (-)
Iih
Vol
Voh
Iol
Ioh (-)
max
min
Max
max
max
min
max
Min
BiMOS
0.2VDD
0.6VDD
-1 mA
1 mA
0.6
VDD – 0.7
25 mA
-25 mA
0.05VDD
BiMOS
0.2VDD
0.6VDD
-1 mA
1 mA
0.6
VDD – 0.7
25 mA
-25 mA
0.05VDD
CMOS
0.2VDD
0.7VDD
-2 mA
2 mA
0.01 V
VDD
25 mA
-25 mA
0.05VDD
CMOS
0.8V
2.1V
-1 mA
1 mA
N/A
N/A
4.4 mA
-25 mA
Serial
Serial
Digital
Serial
Display
Controller
Vhyst
Analog
Digital
Serial
Checked
Digital Effects
Digital DFM – Timing Analysis Table
Digital
Signal
DSP
Master
Output
Input
Type
Other
Timing Parameters
Type
Serial
Serial
Tsu
Th
Tsu
Th
F
F
Tpulse
Tpulse
Setup
Hold
Margin
Margin
max
Margin
Min
Margin
20 ns
20 ns
10 ns
10 ns
30 MHz
5 MHz
20 ns
50 ns
15 ns
10 ns
15 ns
10 ns
20 MHz
7 MHz
20 ns
50 ns
15 ns
10 ns
15 ns
15 ns
20 MHz
7 MHz
0 ns
100 ns
100 ns
0.9 ms
10 ns
10 ns
1 MHz
-10 Hz
+10 Hz
20 ns
50 ns
100 ns
15-900 ns
15 ns
15 ns
400 kHz
-5 Hz
+5 Hz
0 ns
50 ns
(SPI)
ADC Slave
Serial
(SPI)
Serial
DAC
Signal
(SPI)
DSP
Master
Serial
(I2C)
Display
Controller
(I2C)
Serial
Checked
Digital Effects
Block Signal Table
Power Signals
Power1 VCC +5
Power2 VCC -5
Analog Signals
Analog 1 Input
Analog 2 Output
Digital Signals
DAC
Type
Direction
DC Power Input
DC Power Input
Type
Analog
Analog
Voltage
Nominal
5.0V
-5.0V
Direction
Input
Output
Voltage Range
Min
Max
4.75V
5.25V
-4.75V -5.25V
Coupling
Direct
Direct
Freq
Freq Range
Nominal
Min
Max
DC
0
N/A
DC
0
N/A
Voltage Max
Amplitude
4.0V
4.0V
Impedance
Min
Max
% V-Reg V-Ripple Current
Max
Max
Max
5.00%
0.1V
.5A
5.00%
0.1V
.5A
Freq Range
Min
Max
6.8ohms 9.2kohms DC
5ohms
10ohms DC
10 kHz
10 kHz
Leakage
Max
8 uA
8 uA
Type Direction Output Input Tech Freq Logic
Input Characteristics
Output Characteristic
StructureStructure
Nominal Voltage Vih Min Iih Max ViL Max IiL Max Vth Min Vth Max Voh Min Ioh Max VoL Max
Digital Output Totem Pole
Standard BiCMOS20.0Mhz5 V
4.3 V 400 uA 0.7 V
-1.2 mA 5 V
5.5 V
0V
-4mA
5V
Low-Frequency
Oscillator
Michael Haynes
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
Bounnong
Low Frequency Oscillator
Functional Description
• Receives a DC input and outputs an AC voltage
• By using a Voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO), the DC
input can control the output frequency
• An analog comparison system is used to ensure that no
transients are heard after releasing pressure on the main
interface
Low Frequency Oscillator
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
MECHANICAL
Max. number of printed circuit boards
Max. total PCB area
Percentage of final product PCB area
Max. shock force
1
465 cm2
25%
20 G’s
ENVIRONMENTAL
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
Min. Storage Temperature Range
0 – 40 ºC
0 – 100 % N.C.
-5 to 65 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 – 100 % N.C.
Min. operating altitude range:
0.5-1.5 atm.
Min. storage altitude range:
0.5-1.5 atm.
Max. storage duration:
1 yr.
Low Frequency Oscillator
Block Requirements Cont.
Standard Requirements cont.
MANUFACTURING
Max. number of parts
40
Max. parts and material cost
$30
Max. assembly and test cost
$20
Percentage of total product cost
10%
LIFE CYLE
Estimated maximum production lifetime
10 yrs.
Full warranty period
3 mon.
EMC STANDARDS
61000-4-7 EMC Part 4, Section 7-General guide on harmonics measurement and instrumentation
61000-4-2 EMC Part 4, Section 2- ESD immunity tests
Low Frequency Oscillator
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
POWER INPUTS
Input Power Voltages
Power Input Tolerances
Max. Power Consumption
+/- 5 VDC
+/- 0.1 V
5W
ELECTRICAL INTERFACES
Analog Input Voltage Range
Analog Input Frequency Range
Analog Output Voltage Range
Analog Output Frequency Range
Output minimum SNR
Max. THD
1.0 – 2.5 VDC
0 – 10 Hz
-1 to 1 VAC
20 Hz – 20 kHz
50 dB
5%
Min. Input Impedance
100Ω
Max. Output Impedance
10kΩ
Low Frequency Oscillator
Signal Table
Power Signals
Power1 VEE +5
Power2 VEE (-)5
Type
DC Power
DC Power
Direction
Input
Input
Voltage
Nominal
5.0V
(-)5.0V
Voltage Range
Min
Max
4.5V
(-)6.5V
6.5V
(-)4.5V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
Freq Range
Min
Max
0
0
N/A
N/A
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.1V
Current
Max
100mA
100mA
Analog
Analog Signals
Analog1 LFO Control Voltage
Analog2 Output
Type
Analog
Analog
Direction
Input
Output
Coupling
Direct
Direct
Voltage Max
Amplitude
2.5V
4.0V
Impedance
Min
Max
0.1ohms
6.8ohms
6kohms
9.2ohms
Freq Range
Min
Max
DC
20
DC
9kHz
Leakage
Max
2uA
N/A
Low Frequency Oscillator
Block Diagram
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
1.0-2.5 VDC
VCO
0.5 VDC
Comparator
Analog Comparison System
Solid
State
Relay
-1 to 1 VAC
Low Frequency Oscillator
Complete Block Diagram
Low Frequency Oscillator
Analog DFM Plan
Applicable Worst Case Analysis Plan
Analog Circuit Type
Comparator
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
Analog Switch
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5
Max Offset
Voltage
Input
Impedance
Semicond
Package &
Heatsink
(+/-) 1mV
DC Gain vs
Component
Variations
300Ω
Gain vs
Freq vs
Comp Var
SOIC
Phase vs
Freq vs
Comp Var
Slew rate
Pow er
Bandw idth
Semicond
Package &
Heatsink
20%
1%
1%
10kHz
SOIC
Max Offset
Voltage
Input
Impedance
Semicond
Package &
Heatsink
(+/-) 1mV
50Ω
SOIC
Task 6
Task 7
Task 8
Task 9
Low Frequency Oscillator
Passive Components Specifications
Passive Discrete Specifications
Nominal Value
Tolerance
Derated Pow er
or Max Value Around Nominal
Capacity
Maximum
Working
Voltage
Composition
Dielectric or
Form
Q Factor or
Frequency
Variation
Package
Component
Resistor
330Ω, 3kΩ
12kΩ, 50Ω
1uF, 1nF,
Fixed Capacitor 0.1uF, 20pF
5%
1%
1/4 W
1/4 W
N/A
N/A
Carbon Film
Metal Film
N/A
N/A
Axial
Axial
5%
N/A
50 VDC
Ceramic Disc
1
Axial
Frequency Selector
& Audio Signal Router
Joseph Spitz
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
Bounnong
Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router
Functional Description
• Allows user to play note
• Sums audio signals from the oscillator block into one
signal
• Controls the attack of the notes played
• Sends signals to the effects blocks
Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Power1 VCC +10
Power2 VCC -10
Analog Signals
Analog1 VCO Control Voltage
Audio From VCO
Audio to DSP
Audio to Analog
Audio from DSP
Audio from Analog Effects
Audio to Preamp
Type
DirectionVoltage Voltage Range
Freq
Freq Range
Nominal Min
Max
Nominal Min
Max
DC PowerInput
10.0V
9.5V
10.5V
DC
0 N/A
DC PowerInput
-10.0V -9.5V
-10.5V DC
0 N/A
Type
Direction
Coupling
Voltage Max
Impedance
Amplitude
Min
Max
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Output
Input
Output
Output
Input
Input
Output
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
10.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
0.0ohms
6.8Ohms
950
5 Ohms
5 Ohms
950
5 Ohms
6kohms
9.2kOhms
1050
10 Ohms
10 Ohms
1050
10 Ohms
% V-Reg V-Ripple Current
Max
Max
Max
5.00% 0.5V
.5A
5.00% 0.5V
.5A
Freq Range
Leakage
Min
Max
Max
DC
10
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
DC
10Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router
Block Diagram
Actuation by User
Tuning
Position Sensor
DC
Signal
Effect Select/Bypass
Input
Audio Signal
Routing
To
To
To
Preamp DSP
Analog
Effects Distortion
Voltage
Scaling
DC 1 to 10 V
To LFO
Attack Input
Audio Signal
4 V Amplitude
100 to 10KHz
Summing
Amplifier
Bus Of
Audio Signals
4 V amplitude
100 to 10KHz
Frequency Selector & Audio Signal Router
DFM Plan
Discrete
Resistors
Nominal Values
%Tol
Derated Power Capacity
Composition
Package Type
Discrete
Capacitors
Nominal Values
%Tol
Derated
Power
Capacity
Dielectric Type
Package Type
Potentiometer
(Position
Sensor)
Resistance
%Tol
Derated Power Capacity
Composition
Package Type
Small
Signal IC
Amp
Range
Max
Offset
Voltage
Gain Error –
Component
variation
Gain Error –
Frequency
and
Component
Variation
Phase
Change –
Frequency
and
Component
Variation
Max
Offset
Voltage
Input Z
Hysteresis
Noise
(Voltage
Scaling
and Sum
Amp)
Analog
Switch
(Signal
Routing)
Adjustment
Range
Max
Working
Voltage
Slew
Rate
Power
Bandwidth
Pulse
Response
and Delay
Input
and
output
Z
Noise
Package
Type
Package
Type
Power Supply
Bounnong Khamphoumy
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
DSP State
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Including
ADC &
Memory
Power Supply
Pre Amp
Filter
DAC
Joe
Mike
Jason
Kahnec
66
Bounnong
Power Supply
Description
Purpose
●
To provide each block with the voltage and current it needs.
Function
●
●
●
Interface between the product and the external power grid.
Converts AC voltage into three separate, regulated DC
voltages.
Kept separate from the main PCB.
67
Power Supply
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements – Environmental & Safety
Min. Oper. Temp. Range
Min. Oper. Humidity Range
Min. Storage Temp. Range
Min. Storage Humidity Range
Primary EMC Standards
0 to 40 °C
0 to 100 % RH
-10 to 40 °C
0 to 100 % RH
IEC61000-4-4, IEC61000-4-5,
IEC61000-4-8, IEC61000-411, EN61001-3-3
68
Power Supply
Block Requirements cont.
Standard Requirements – Power Interfaces
Source 1 Connection Type
Min. Source 1 Voltage Range
Min. Source 1 Freq. Range
Max. Source 1 Power Consumption
Source 2 Connection Type
Min. Source 2 Voltage Range
Min. Source 2 Freq. Range
Max. Source 2 Power Consumption
*Source 1 and Source 2 are mutually exclusive.
Permanent
102 to 132 VAC
57 to 63 Hz
25 W
Permanent
196 to 253 VAC
47 to 53 Hz
25 W
69
Power Supply
Block Requirements cont.
Standard Requirements – Mechanical
2360 cm3
2 kg
AC power inlet & circular
Electrical Connectors
connector
Max. No. of PCBs
1
Max. PCB Area
310 cm2
Standard Requirements – Mfg. & Life Cycle
Max. Volume
Max. Mass
Max. Parts Count
Product Life Time
Full Warranty Period
60
10 Yrs
90 Days
70
Power Supply
Block Requirements cont.
Performance Requirements – Electrical Interfaces
*All signals that interface w/ other blocks are output power signals.
Signal 1 Nominal Value
+5 VDC
Signal 1 Tolerance
5.00%
Max. Signal 1 Voltage Ripple
.3 V
Max. Signal 1 Load Current
2A
Signal 2 Nominal Value
-5 VDC
Signal 2 Tolerance
5.00%
Max. Signal 2 V. Ripple
.3V
Max. Signal 2 Load Current
2A
Signal 3 Nominal Value
6.3 VAC
Max. Signal 3 Load Current
150 mA
Signal 4 Nominal Value
100 VDC
Signal 4 Tolerance
5.00%
Max. Signal 4 V. Ripple
.5V
Max. Signal 4 Load Current
500 μA
71
Power Supply
Signal Definition Table
Power Signals
Type
DC
Power1 VCC +5V Power
DC
Power2 VCC -5V Power
Power3 Heater AC
Voltage
Power
Power4 Plate
DC
Voltage
Power
Power5 AC Input
(Domestic)
Power6 AC Input
(European)
Dir.
Voltage Voltage Range
Freq
Freq Range
% VReg
Min
Max
Max
Max
Max
VRipple Current
Nominal
Min
Max Nominal
Output
+5.0V
4.75V
5.25V
DC
0
N/A
5.00%
0.1V
2A
Output
-5.0V
-5.25V
-4.75V
DC
0
N/A
5.00%
0.1V
2A
Output
6.3V
5.99V
6.62V
50 or 60
47
63
N/A
N/A
.15A
Output
+100V
95V
105
DC
0
N/A
5.00%
0.25V
.5mA
120V
102V
132V
60
57
63
N/A
N/A
230V
196V
253V
50
47
53
N/A
N/A
AC
Power Input
AC
Power Input
72
Power Supply
Sub-Block Diagram
120 VAC
Fuse
XFormer
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
Voltage
Regulator
+5 VDC
XFormer
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
Voltage
Regulator
-5 VDC
Fuse
XFormer
Fuse
XFormer
230 VAC
6.3 VAC
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
Voltage
Regulator
100 VDC
73
Power Supply
Initial Design Schematic
Schematic for +5 and -5 V output.
74
Power Supply
Initial Design Schematic cont.
Schematic for producing 6.3 VAC.
75
Power Supply
Initial Design Schematic cont.
Schematic for producing 100 VDC.
76
Power Supply
DFM Plan
Subcircuit
Applicable Worst-Case Analysis Plan
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Task 8 Task 9
Pulse &
Resp.
Delay
Pulse &
Resp.
Delay
Pulse &
Resp.
Delay
OverCurrent
Prot.
OverCurrent
Prot.
OverCurrent
Prot.
Noise
and/or
Ripple
Noise
and/or
Ripple
Noise
and/or
Ripple
Power &
Package &
Voffset, m ax
V or I Reg. Junction
Heatsink
Regulator (+5V)
Temp.
Power &
Package &
Voffset, m ax
Regulator
V or I Reg. Junction
Heatsink
(-5V)
Temp.
Power &
Package &
V
Regulator
V or I Reg. Junction
offset, m ax
Heatsink
(+100V)
Temp.
OpenDC Gain A vs. ƒ vs. φ vs. ƒ vs. Pulse &
OpenLoop
Pole, Zero
V(s)or I(s) vs. Comp. Comp.
Comp.
Resp. Loop Gain
Phase Locations
Variation Variation Variation
Delay
Margin
Passive Filters
Margin
OverPower &
Xfmr, Diode
Current
Junction Package Vi Range Vo Ripple
Bridge (1)
Prot.
Temp.
OverPower &
Xfmr, Diode
Current
Junction Package Vi Range Vo Ripple
Bridge (2)
Prot.
Temp.
OverPower &
Xfmr, Diode
Current
Junction Package Vi Range Vo Ripple
Bridge (3)
Prot.
Temp.
Noise
and/or
Ripple
77
Power Supply
Passive Component Specs.
Component
Fixed Capacitor
(+5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(+5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(+5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(-5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(-5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(-5V Regulator)
Fixed Capacitor
(+100V Regulator)
Derated
Max.
Nominal
Power Working Composition Package
Value Tol.
Cap.
Voltage Dielectric
6.8 mF
20%
XXX
25 V
Al. Electrolytic
Radial
10 μF
10%
XXX
35 V
Solid Tantalum
Radial
22 μF
10%
XXX
35 V
Solid Tantalum
Radial
6.8 mF
20%
XXX
25 V
Al. Electrolytic
Radial
100 μF
10%
XXX
20 V
Solid Tantalum
Radial
100 μF
10%
XXX
20 V
Solid Tantalum
Radial
4.7 μF
20%
XXX
450 V
Al. Electrolytic
Radial
78
i1
Appendix
High Level Gantt Chart