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Download The Urinary System
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Function 1. Remove nitrogenous wastes 2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood 3. Homeostatic organ 4. Acts as blood filter 5. Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin • • • • • • Diuretic- loose water; coffee, alcohol Antidiuretic- retain water; ADH Aldosterone- sodium & water reabsorption, and K+ excretion GFR= 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day 178-179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood Excrete a protein free filtrate HOW DO KIDNEYS FILTER BLOOD? (p 583) The Urinary System blood filtration tubular reabsorptio n and secretion urine “refreshed” blood urea uric acid ammonia kidneys ureters urinar y bladde r urethra Urine Water- 95% Nitrogenous waste: • urea • uric acid • creatinine Ions: • sodium • potassium • sulfate • phosphate From the original 1800 g NaCl, only 10 g appears in the urine high plasma solute concentration low blood volume heart receptors hypothalamus hypothalamus posterior pituitary antidiuretic hormone collecting ducts reduced blood pressure and glomerular filtrate juxtaglomerular apparatus renin angiotensinogen angiotensin I angiotensin II renin Urinalysis Why do doctors ask for a urine sample? characteristics: • smell- ammonia-like • pH- 4.5-8, ave 6.0 • specific gravity– more than 1.0; ~1.0011.003 • color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins Odor odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus--- pH- range 4.5-8 ave 6.0 vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat dieturine is acidic Color Color- pigment is urochrome Yellow color due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments) Vitamins- vitamin C- bright yellow Infection- cloudy
