Download proteins

Výukový materiál MB 04 - 89
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELLS
2014
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELLS
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95 % of the cell mass made up by 4 elements
the most important macrobiogenic elements - C, O,
H, N
in a small amount: Ca, F, S, K, Cl, Na, Mg, I, Fe,
Zn, Cu
the most common molecule in the cell is water
the water makes up 60 - 90 % of the cell mass
an excellent solvent
ORGANIC MOLECULES
compounds of carbon
 4 main groups of organic molecules:
 saccharides
 amino acids
 nucleotides
 oleic acids
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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
low molecular compounds:
 monosaccharides
 amino acids
 nucleotides
 oleic acids
 coenzymes
 vitamins
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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
high molecular = biopolymers
 proteins
 nucleic acids
 polysaccharides
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SACCHARIDES
 monosaccharides
 hexoses
: glucose, fructose, galactose
 glucose originates by the
photosynthesis
 through the oxidation of glucose = so
called respiration > a big amount of
energy develops!!!!!
 pentoses: ribose and deoxyribose
SACHARIDES
 disaccharides:
 saccharose,
lactose, maltose
 polysaccharides:
 starch, glycogen and cellulose
SACHARIDES
polysaccharides:
 polymers
 storage polysaccharides:
 starch – by plants, very hard digestible
 glycogen – by animals
 structural polysaccharides:
 cellulose – plants
 chitin – by fungi
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PROTEINS
macromolecules made up by amino
acids
 essential importance for the life
 1/5 of the total mass of organisms
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PROTEINS
function of proteins:
 a constructive part of cell structures
 They accomplish metabolism – enzymes
 They regulate processes – hormones
 protective function – immunoglobulins
 transport molecules – haemoglobin
 They enable the cell their movement –
microfilaments a microtubules
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PROTEINS
proteins and nucleic acids= information
macromolecules >
 in the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids
there is included the information for the order
of AMA in proteins
 proteins originates by the condensation od
amino acids – connected by peptide bounds
 the base of protein is the polypeptide chain
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AMINO ACIDS
there are 20 ( 21 ) various amino acids
 2 amino acids connected by a covalent
bound= peptide bound > dipeptide >
polypeptides
 the order of amino acids in the protein
molecule is:
 characteristic
 genetically determined
 primary structure of proteins
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