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Shoulder Girdle Muscles The shoulder girdle consists primarily of the scapula bone and the clavicle bone or collar bone which move together as a unit. The shoulder girdle muscle are those which attach to and move these two bones. Trapezius muscle explained Part 1: Upper fibres of the cervical vertebrae. This is the weakest part of the muscle and only provides minor elevation of the clavicle. Part 2: The area commonly known as upper trapz. This is a strong elevator, rotator and retractor of the scapula. Part 3: The mid-portion of the Trapzius. These fibres are mainly responsible for scapula retraction. Part 4: The lower fibres of Trapezius. This part of the muscle assists in retraction and rotation. When all parts of the muscle work together they have the effect of simultaneously elevating and retracting the scapula. The Trapezius is used most commonly to fix the scapula to allow the Deltoid to move the Humerus. Origin Occipital protuberance (base of skull) Ligaments cervical spine. Spinous processes of C7-T12 Insertion. Posterior outer 1/3 of the clavicle. Acromion process. Spine of the scapula Actions Scapula elevation. Scapula retraction. Upward rotation of the scapula Innervation Cranial nerve Daily uses Shrugging shoulders. Overhead movements Example strengthening exercises Shrugs Reverse fly using a resistance band Example stretches Lateral Neck Flexion Forward Neck Flexion Neck Rotation Related injuries Tight muscles in the upper back and neck Postural kyphosis Related muscles Rhomboids. Deltoid muscle. Serratus Anterior Origin Upper nine ribs at the side of the chest Insertion Costal aspect (side articulating with the ribs) of the medial border of the scapula Actions Scapula protraction Rotation of the scapula upwards Innervation Long thoracic nerve Daily uses Reaching up to open a high window Example strengthening exercises Push-ups using a resistance band Related injuries Winged scapula Postural kyphosis Rhomboids Origin Spinous processes of C7-T5. Insertion Medial border of the scapula, below the level of the spine of the scapula. Actions Scapula retraction (bringing the shoulder blades together). Rotation of the scapula downwards Innervation Dorsal scapular nerve. Daily uses Pulling a drawer open. Example strengthening exercises Reverse fly with a resistance band. Seated row with a resistance band. Example stretches Posterior shoulder stretch. Related injuries Postural kyphosis. Related muscles Trapezius Serratus anterior. Pectoralis Minor Origin Outer surface of ribs 3-5 Insertion Coracoid process of the scapula Action Scapula protraction Rotation of the scapula downwards Innervation Medial pectoral nerve Daily uses Pushing a door open Example strengthening exercises Pec fly using a resistance band Chest Press using a resistance band Example stretches Chest stretch Chest stretch with a partner Related injuries Pectoral strain Related muscles Pectoralis major Levator Scapulae Origin Transverse processes of C1-4 Insertion Medial border of the scapula above the level of the scapula spine. Actions Scapula elevation Lateral flexion of the cervical spine (each side independently) Extension of the cervical spine (each side independently) Which nerves supply this muscle? Cervical nerve Dorsal scapular nerve Daily uses Shrugging shoulders Carrying a heavy shopping bag Example strengthening exercises Shrugs Example stretches Lateral neck flexion stretch Forward neck flexion stretch Related injuries Tight muscles in the upper back and neck Related muscles Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomastoid Origin Anterior surface of the upper sternum Inner part of the clavicle. Insertion Mastoid process (behind the ear). Actions Contraction on both sides: Flexes the neck. Contraction on one side only: Laterally flexes (side bends) to the same side and rotates to the other side. Innervation Acessory XI nerve. Daily uses Looking at the floor. Looking over your shoulder. Holding the phone between your ear and shoulder. Example stretches Neck rotation stretch. Related injuries Postural kyphosis. Tight muscles in the upper back and neck. Related muscles Levator scapulae.