Download 9th 4.1 CH 16 PP

RUSSIA
CHAPTER 16:
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
SECTION 1:
RUSSIA & THE WESTERN
REPUBLICS
SECTION 1 OVERVIEW:
• HISTORY
• ECONOMICS
• CULTURE/MODERN LIFE
HISTORY
•
Early Rulers:
1. Slavs
2. Vikings
3. Tatars (Mongol invaders)
4. Czar Ivan the Great
-expanded Russia’s territory
-created diversity: lang. & religions
• Russia Falls Behind:
– Territory growth, but lacked science and
technology
– Czar Peter the Great
• Moved capital from _______ to _________
HISTORY
•
and
of Communism
1. Russian Revolution (Bolshevik) in 1917
• Slow to industrialize/dragged into war = bad economy = angry
people
2. Lenin led Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3. Russian gvt. overthrown (end of czars)
4. USSR (Soviet Union) was born
5. Capital moved back to Moscow
6. 1939, Joseph Stalin became leader
7. WWII
8. Cold War = nuclear arms race
Duck and Cover
9. Gorbachev gives freedom to satellite nations
10. Soviet Union collapses in 1991
11. Russian Federation
Economics
• Command Economy
–
–
–
–
–
Theory by Karl Marx
Gvt. controlled everything
Soviets created collective farms
Joseph Stalin was responsible for 14 mil. deaths
Goal:
• Industrialization
• Unity
• Wealth for all
– Results:
• Selective industrialization
• Conflict b/t people and gvt.
• Wealth for a few
What do you think this is a picture
of?
Culture
• Ethnicity
– diverse due to expansion
– Russian’s = largest
• Religion
– Mostly Orthodox Christianity
– Islam, Buddhism, Judaism
• Art
– Art reflects Orthodox religion
• Onion-shaped domes with images of important religious
figures (icons)
– Under Soviets
• Socialist realism = art that promoted Communism
– Freedom after Soviet Union collapses
Culture
QUICK CHECK
• RAISE YOUR HAND WHEN YOU KNOW THE
ANSWER:
– An emperor of Russia was called a
• czar
– Czar Ivan the Great was known for:
• Regaining control of Russia and expanding Russian territory
– Czar Peter the Great was known for:
• Moving the capital to St. Petersburg to encourage
modernization
– Starvation during Soviet control was often caused by
these
• Collective farms
SECTION 2:
TRANSCAUCASIA
SECTION 2 OVERVIEW
• History
• Economics
• Culture/Modern Life
History
•
Cultural-Crossroads
– Trade routes b/t _________ & _______
•
Connect Black and Caspian Seas
– Migration allowed for diversity
•
•
•
“Mountain of Language”
Many religions: mostly Christian or Islam
Conflict
– Many cultures = tension
•
Foreign Control
1. Czar rule
2. USSR = famine b/c of __________ _______
3. Independence = struggle
Economics
•
Variety of Industries
-Began with agriculture
-Fruits, tea, grapes
-Georgian wine (tourism)
-USSR promoted industrialism
-Oil is most important industry
Caspian Debate for 5 countries
Sea
Each country gets resources from portion of seabed
they own
Lake
Wealth from lake is divided equally among all 5
Culture
• Education
– High literacy rate due to Soviet control
• WHY?
– Created skilled workers needed for industrialism
• Traditions
– Georgian Supra
QUICK CHECK
• THUMBS UP FOR TRUE / THUMBS
DOWN FOR FALSE:
• CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN
TRANSCAUCASIA IS DUE TO TRADE
ROUTES BETWEEN BLACK & CASPIAN
SEAS
– THUMBS UP!
SECTION 3:
CENTRAL ASIA
SECTION 3 OVERVIEW
• History
• Economics
• Culture
History
• Cultural Crossroads
– Silk Road made a trade route from Med. Sea
to China
– ___________ ideas, technology, and religion
Economics
• Nuclear Testing
– Econ. based on nuclear industry of Soviets
– Serious health issues resulted
• Oil
– Caspian reserves
– Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
• Competition for profits
Culture
• Soviet Legacy
– Carved 5 nations based on ethnicity
– Left a large minority
• Why?
– Tensions b/t groups kept them busy (ignored Soviets)
• Language & Religion
– Unity is maintained by language and religion
– Islam is majority
– Turkish
• Many speak Russian…why?
– Soviet enforced
Culture
• Nomads
– Grassland lead to nomadic life, why?
• Seasons change, must migrate for food source
– Soviets forced collective farms = fewer nomads
• Yurts
– Portable tents made from animal hide
– Decorative interior
• Traditions
– Nomadic families take in tourist to preserve
lifestyle
QUICK CHECK
• RAISE YOUR HAND WHEN YOU KNOW
THE ANSWER:
– What are the two unifying cultural factors?
• Religion and language
– The major points of the Silk Road were China
and the ________________ _____
• Mediterranean Sea