Download Respiratory Protection in the Construction Industry

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 Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance
with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.
 It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in
this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction
and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many
workplaces.
 It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations
contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor
should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of
hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed,
it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will
require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not
recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.
 No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the
exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary
constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for
safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have
been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the
employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules
and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.
 It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their
training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be
otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their
audiences.
 Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional
information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a
presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or
problems inherent in those photos particularly.
 Scope of Standard
 Permissible Practice
 Respirator Program
 Program Elements
 Questions & Answers
 Applicable to:
 General Industry (1910)
 Shipyards (1915)
 Marine Terminals (1917)
 Longshoring (1918)
 Construction (1926)
 Elimination/Substitution
 Engineering Controls
 Enclosures
 Confinement of Operations
 Ventilation
 Administrative Controls
 Worker/Job Rotation
 Training & Education
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Respiratory Protection
 When effective engineering controls are not
feasible
 While engineering controls are being
implemented
 During maintenance and repair operations
 During emergency use
If respirator use is necessary or required by the employer:
 A written program must be developed with work-site
specific procedures
 Program must be updated when work-site changes with
respirator use
 A program administrator must be designated
 Must be qualified through training or experience to perform
the following:
 Conduct evaluations
 Administer or oversee program
 Respirators must be provided as well as training and
medical evaluations (NO COST TO EMPLOYEE)
If respirator use is not required by the employer:
 Respirators may be provided to or by employees if use
does not cause any harm or create any hazards
If voluntary use is permissible
 Users must be provided with Appendix D by employer
 Written program must be established and implemented
to ensure user safety and proper use
Note: A written program is not required with the
voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks)
 Definitions
 Selection
 Medical Evaluation
 Fit Testing
 Use
 Maintenance and Care
 Breathing Air Quality and Use
 Training
 Program Evaluation
 Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator
based on respiratory hazards worker is exposed to, workplace
and user factors
 Respirator shall be certified by NIOSH and used in compliance
with certification
 Identification and Evaluation of Respiratory Hazards
 Nature of Contaminant/Contaminant Involved
 Estimate of employee exposure
 If there is no basis or adequate information for employee exposure
assessment, assume IDLH
 Contaminant’s chemical and physical state
 Human capabilities
 Work condition
 Select respirators from a sufficient number of models/sizes
 An atmosphere that poses an immediate
threat to life, would cause irreversible health
effects or would impair an individual’s
ability to escape from a dangerous
atmosphere
 Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere
 Toxic Levels that exceed the Permissible
Limit
Exposure
 If an IDLH atmosphere exists, select:
 A full facepiece pressure demand SCBA certified by
NIOSH for 30 minutes minimum service life or
 A combination full facepiece pressure demand Supplied
Air Respirator or
 Escape-only respirators from IDLH atmospheres shall be
NIOSH certified for escape from the atmosphere in
which they will be used
Note: Employers may use any atmosphere supplying
respirator provided they can demonstrate oxygen levels
are maintained at 19.5% and 16% partial pressure
equivalent
 For protection against gases and vapors, employers must
provide:
 An atmosphere-supplying respirator
 An air-purifying respirator, provided that:
 Respirator is equipped with ELSI (End of Service Life
Indicator) certified by NIOSH for that contaminant
 Change-out schedule is provided for canisters and
cartridges based on objective data that will ensure they
will be changed before end-of-service life when there is
no ESLI
 Employer must describe information and data with
basis for change schedule
 For protection against particulates, employers must
provide:
 An atmosphere supplying respirator
 An air-purifying respirator equipped with HEPA filters
certified by NIOSH or with filters certified by NIOSH
for particulates
 An air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter
certified for particulates by NIOSH for contaminants
consisting primarily of particles with mass median
aerodynamic diameters of at least 2 micrometers
 Levels of filter efficiency are 95%, 99%, and 99.97%
 Number is dependent on how much filter leakage can be
accepted
 Categories of resistance to filter efficiency degradation
are labeled N, P and R
 N ~ Not resistant to Oil
 R ~ Resistant to OIL
 P ~ Oil-Proof
 If no oil particles are present, use any of the above
 If oil particles are present, use only R or P
 If oil particles are present and the filter is to be used for more
than one work shift, use only P series
 Must be provided to determine the employee’s ability to use a
respirator
 Must be completed before fit testing and use
 A PLHCP must be identified to perform medical evaluations
through:
 A medical questionnaire
 Initial medical examination
 The medical evaluation must obtain information requested
in Appendix C Part A Sections 1 and 2
 Follow-up medical examination is required when:
 Employee answers “Yes” to Question 1 - 8 in Section 2, Part A of
Appendix C
 Initial medical examination demonstrates need for follow-up
 Annual review of medical status is not required
 Medical evaluations must be provided at a minimum if:
 Employee reports medical signs or symptoms related to the
ability to use a respirator
 PLHCP, supervisor or Program Administrator informs
employer of employee reevaluation
 Information from respirator program indicates a need for
reevaluation
 Program evaluation
 Observations made during fit testing
 Changes in workplace conditions may increase physiological
burden
 Employee must be fit tested with same, make, model, and size of
respirator that will be used before any use commences with a positive
or negative pressure tight fitting facepiece
 Employees must pass a Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) or a Quantitative
Fit Test (QNFT)
 Prior to initial use
 Whenever different respirator is used
 At least annually thereafter
 Additional fit test must be conducted when the employee’s physical
condition changes that could affect fit of respirator
 Facial scarring
 Dental Changes
 Cosmetic Surgery
 Change in Body Weight
 A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of the
respirator fit. This test relies on the individual’s
response to the test agent
 May only be used to fit test negative pressure APR’s
that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less
 Testing agents include:
 Isoamyl Acetate
 Saccharin
 Bitrex
 Irritant Smoke
 Assessment of the adequacy of the respirator fit by
numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the
respirator
 If fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than
100 for tight fitting half facepieces or equal to or
greater than 500 for tight fitting full facepieces, the
QNFT has been passed with that respirator
 Fit Factor = Concentration of Substance in Ambient
Air
Concentration inside respirator when
worn
 Employees that wear tight fitting respirators shall not
have facial hair or any condition that interferes with
the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function
 Corrective glasses or goggles must not interfere with
the face-to-facepiece seal
 Positive and Negative Seal Checks must be performed
each time the respirator is donned
 Follow procedures in Appendix B-1
 The effectiveness of the respirator must be evaluated
through appropriate surveillance of the work area
conditions and the degree of exposure or stress
 Employees must leave the respirator use area:

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To wash their faces and respirators as necessary
If gas or vapor breakthrough is detected
If breathing resistance is detected
If there is leakage of the facepiece
To replace respirator, filter, cartridge or canister
 Employee cannot re-enter area until respirator is
replaced or repaired
 Provide each user with a respirator that is clean, sanitary
and in good working order
 Follow Appendix B-2 or manufacturer’s recommendations
 Clean and disinfect as follows:
 As often as necessary when issued for exclusive use
 Before being worn by different individuals when issued to
more than one employee
 After each use for emergency respirators and those used in fit
testing and training
 Protect from:
 Sunlight
 Damage
 Contamination
 Dust
 Extreme temperatures
 Excessive moisture
 Damaging chemicals
 Stored to prevent deformity
 Before use and during cleaning
 All respirators used in emergencies will be inspected
monthly
 Emergency escape - Before going into area
 Compressed breathing air must meet at least the
requirements for Type 1- Grade D air as described in
ANSI/CGA G-7.1-1989 which requires:
 Oxygen content of 19.5 - 23.5%
 Hydrocarbon content of 5 mg/m3 of air or less
 CO content of 10 ppm or less
 CO2 content of 1,000 ppm or less
 Lack of noticeable odor
 Compressors must be equipped with suitable in-line
air purifying sorbent beds and filters that must be
maintained and replaced per the manufacturer
 Must be labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval
label.
 The label must not be removed and must remain legible
 “TC” number is no longer on cartridges or filters
 Marked with NIOSH, manufacturer’s name, and part number
an abbreviation to indicate cartridge or filter type (N95, P100,
etc.)
 At least one employee located outside of IDLH area.

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
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For firefighters it’s two in two out.
Visual, voice or signal line communication is
maintained between employees in and outside of
IDLH areas at all times.
Employees outside of IDLH are trained and equipped
to provide effective emergency rescue.
The employer is notified before rescue enters IDLH.
Rescue to have:
 SCBA
 Retrieval Equipment or equivalent
 Employers must provide effective training to employees who are
required to use respirators
 Employees must be trained so that they can demonstrate knowledge
of at least the following:
 Why respirator is necessary
 How improper fit, maintenance or use can compromise its
protective effect
 Limitations and capabilities of the respirator
 Effective use in emergency situations
 How to inspect, put on/remove, use and check the seals
 Maintenance and storage
 Recognition of medical and signs and symptoms that may limit or
prevent effective use
 General requirements of this standard
 Must be provided prior to use
 Exception: If acceptable training has been provided by
another employer within the past 12 months
 Retraining is required annually and when:
 Changes in the workplace or type of respirator render
previous training obsolete
 Inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use
 Any situation in which retraining is necessary
 Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear
respirators when use is not required by this standard
or by the employer
 Must conduct evaluations of the workplace as
necessary to ensure effective program implementation
 Must regularly consult employees required to use
respirators to assess their views on program
effectiveness and to identify and correct any problems
 Factors to be assessed:
 Respirator Fit
 Appropriate Selection
 Proper Use
 Proper Maintenance
 Records of medical evaluations must be retained and
made available per 29 CFR 1010.1020
 A record of fit tests must be established and retained
until the next fit test is administered
 A written copy of the current program must be
retained
 Written material required to be retained must be
made available upon request to affected employees
and OSHA