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Transcript
IST 349 Chapter 5 Concepts What is the structure of a relational database? Tables, records, fields. What is a primary key? A special field in a table that contains unique identifiers – no duplication of values allowed. An example of such a field would be “Social Security Number” What type of a foreign key? A field that appears in a table that is a primary key in another table. This field allows you to “look up” information in another table. What is a relationship in a database? Tables in a database may be related to each other through common fields. The relationship may be: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. What is a one-to-many relationship in a database? One record in the first table is related to many records in the second table. What is normalization? The process of streamlining complex groups of data to minimize redundant data and reduce awkward many-to-many relationships. What are some database management systems for large mainframe and midrange computers? DB2, Oracle, Microsoft SQL In creating a database system using DBMS software, there are two steps in the creation process. What are these two steps? Describe each field and its characteristics (name, size, type, etc.) in the tables and enter data into the tables. What is SQL? Structured Query Language. A language in which one defines a query. In Access, this is done through a graphical interface. Other database systems use SQL. What is a data warehouse? A database that stores current as well as historical data from throughout the company. The data originates from many different operational areas within the business and may come from different databases and be in different formats. What is data mining? Data mining is a sophisticated query system that finds hidden patterns and relationships among the data. The information obtainable from data mining include: associations, sequences, classifications, clustering, and forecasting. Explain how databases and the web interact. We may visit a company’s web site and check availability and pricing of a certain product. The customer accesses the company’s web server. The company’s web server, in turn, is connected to the company database server. See Figure 5.14 to see this process and how it works. Give an example from our text of a company that accesses its corporate databases through the Web. ThomasNet.com Facebook What is an “information policy”? The ‘information policy” of a company identifies which users can share which information, where information can be distributed, and who is responsible for updating and maintaining the information. Why is data quality so important to a business? Inaccurate data can create serious operational and financial problems for a company. It is estimated that 25 percent of the critical data in large Fortune 1000 companies’ databases is inaccurate. Correcting these errors can lead to increased revenue. Case Studies Asking the Customer by Asking the Database Main point: Large companies can find out what their customers want through data mining of their customer database. These databases now may include customer data gathered from social media, hand-held devices, and e-mail transactions as well as traditional types of data (purchase history). Describe a company that is highlighted in this case study. How do they use their company database. Name some new sources of customer information. Controversy Whirls Around the Consumer Product Safety Database Main point: The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has launched an online database, located at www.saferproducts.gov, that contains information submitted by consumers on defective items that may cause injury to the user. There are supporters and critics of this database. What are some points in favor of this database? What are some points that oppose this database?