Download 国际贸易 International Trade

广东省省级精品课程
国 际 贸 易
第一章
广东外语外贸大学
导论
何元贵 教授
Chapter 1：
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§1.
INTRODUCTION
General Review
 1、The History and Station of the
Course International Trade
 Soviet Model in Early Times.
 International Economics in 90’s.
 One of Compulsory Course for
Students Majored in Economics.
2、The Relation between International
Trade and other Subjects
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2.1 The Subject Origin of International Trade
 International Economics(International Trade
and International Finance)
Economics
Philosophy
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2.2 International Trade vs Philosophy & Science
2.3
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The Relation between International
Trade and other Courses
in International Trade Subject
Economics is the forward course ,
especially Microeconomics；
 It’s the forward course of WTO,
Transnational Corperations , International
Investment, and etc；
 It’s the parallel course with General
Review of Chinese Foreign Trade.
3、Reference Material
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1) Peter Lindert（彼得.林得特）， International
Economics，上海译文出版社，1985.
2) Dominick Salvatore, International Economics,
Eighth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.
3)Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld,
International Economics: Theory and Policy (Fifth
Edition), Addison-Westley Publishing Company ，
2000.
4) All kinds acdemic journals and newpapers,
such as: International Trade, Journal of
International Trade 、 World Economy、
International Business Daily、人大报刊复印资料。
5) Internet. Such as: 中华人民共和国商务部.htm
4、 Plan and Arrangement
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1) 3 hours classes study every week;
2) 3 homeworks，one is course paper;
3) 1 seminar
4) 1 final test
5) 1 innovative teaching class
6) Course Evaluation
The grading system for the course is based on the
students’ academic performance. That includes :
30% homework & class performance +70% final exam.
§2. The Emergence & Development of International
Trade & the theory of International Trade
1、 The Emergence & Development of
International Trade
 1.1 Concept
 International trade is the exchange activity of goods
and services across international borders or
territories.
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Foreign trade is the exchange activity of goods and
services between one country (district) with others.
1.2 The Prerequisite for Emergence of
International Trade
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（ 1 ） There are surplus products for
exchange;
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（ 2 ） Establishment of national states
with their own sovereignty.
1.3 The History of International Trade

1) The early international trade occurred in ancient
Roma and Greece. Definitely, it’s only “trade
between districts”.
2) Only after industrial revolution, international trade
and world market had definitely formed and got
developed.
3) After the Second World War， international trade
entered a new developing era, especially in the
fields of service trade, Transnational Corperations ,
International Investment.
Value of World Merchandise Trade
Unit: US$ hundred million (亿美圆)
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Year

1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Export
554.00
1131.00
3145.81
19936.25
34250.43
61648.40
Import
580.00
1194.00
3289.21
20474.25
35565.09
63728.75
1.4 The History of Chinese Foeign Trade
Early in Xihan,China started trade with Middle
East and Europe through the famous “ Silk
Road” 。
 From the set of “ Silk Road ” to “the Opium
War (1840-1842)” ， the development of Chinese
foreign trade were stganant。
 Until mid 19’s ， China had benn opened its
foreign trade door by European and American
artillery。
 China casted off the control of western
countries only after the New China founded in
1949. But then，for the reasons such as embargo
from western countries which leaded by U.S.，
China had to carry on closed-door policy again.
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So，the export ratio of China in the world
dropped from 1.9% in 1959 to 0.8% in 1969,
then 0.74% in 1978！
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After 1978, Chinese foreign trade entered into a
fast developing period.From 1978 to 2006，the
value of Chinese merchandise trade increased from US$
20640 million (206.4亿美圆) to US$ 1760690
million, the yearly average growth rate is over
15%，far more than that of other countries
and the world average growth. China became
the third country of trade in the world.
Chinese service trade got developed in late
80’s. The value of service export increased
from the only US$ 2700 million in 1982 to
US$ 5748 million in 1990, then US$ 157081
million in 2005, and became the eighth service
export country in the world.
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Questions(homework 1)：
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(1) Balance of foreign trade of China in
2008 and 2009 ?
(2) Balance of srevice trade of China in
2008 and 2009 ?
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(3) How about the Chinese
in world trade?
ratio and rank
(4)Statistic trade datas of other main
countries.
2、 The Produce & Development of the
Theory of International Trade
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国际贸易中充满的异国情调和浪漫
主义色彩，在历史上曾使许多国家的商
人、航海家、旅行家和小说家为之神往。
他们的口述笔扎在促进各族人民的经济
贸易交往中曾起过很大作用。错综复杂
的国际贸易问题也吸引了各个时代的经
济学家们的注意力。每一代的著名经济
学家都参加到国际贸易问题的讨论中。
经典作家和其他一些著名的经济学家曾
在这上面倾注过大量的心血。
（姚曾荫，国际贸易概论，第8页，人民出版社，1987）
The Development Track of
International Trade Theory
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Early 15’s—Mid 18’s， Mercantilism;
Mid 18’s，Trade based on absolute advantage
(Adam Smith)；trade based on comparative
advantage (David Ricardo ) ；
After 20’s, H-O Model ；
The Leontief Paradox by W. W. Leontief ;
Specific factor model by Paul Samuelson ；
Bhagwati Effect by Jagdish Bhagwati；
Intra-industry Trade Model by Paul Krugman；
Trade Model in Product Cycle by Raymond
Vernon.
3、 Study Pattern
 International
trade theory
is divided to:
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Positive theory
Normative theory
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Positive Analysis：
 Mainly shows the relations between economic
variables, analyses the reasons and results of all
kinds trade behavior and policys, but not give
judgment and comment. Positive Analysis is a
kind of technical analysis.

Normative Analysis：
is mainly the diagnosis and judgment or
comment to the results of positive analysis .And
the diagnosis and comment reflect different
cognition and value view.
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Relation between Positive Analysis and Normative
Analysis:
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Usually closely related, can not be cutted. Positive
analysis supply the basis for normative analysis. A
theory without positive analysis is always short of
conviction 。On the other hands,if a theory only
composed by positive analysis but no normative
analysis, it ’ll lose its economic social significance.
 So， international trade theory should be the unite
of positive analysis and normative analysis.
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Most statements are not easily categorized as
purely positive or purely normative.
4、Usual Economic Analysis Tools
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(1) The autarky equilibrium analysis
--- production possibility frontier (PPF),
opportunity cost, indifference curve；
 (2)
Part equilibrium analysis
--- supply curve, demand curve.
Implications
for the production possibility frontier
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y
The marginal rate of
transformation (MRT)
increases as more units of
good X are produced.
– The marginal rate of
transformation is another
name for opportunity cost.
– The value of MRT is given
by the slope of the PPF.
X
Community indifference curves
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A community indifference curve displays
the combinations of two products that offer
the community the same level of
satisfaction.
 Characteristics of community indifference
curves:
– Negative slope
– Convex to the origin
– Different curves do not cross
Community indifference curve
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Y
III
II
I
X
The marginal rate
of substitution
(MRS) falls as more
of good X is
consumed.
The MRS is the
amount of one
commodity that
must be given up
as one gains
additional units
The autarky equilbrium
Autarky exists in the
absence of international
trade.
 The autarky equilibrium
occurs when maximum
societal satisfaction has
been obtain from available
production.
 This will occur when one
community indifference
curve is tangent to the PPF.
Y
X
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Review : C1. INTRODUCTION
§1. General Review 概述
 1、国际贸易课程的历史及其地位
 2、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系
 3、国际贸易课程学习参考资料
 4、本学期学习安排
 §2. 国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述
 1、国际贸易的产生和发展(世界和中国)
 2、国际贸易理论的发展
 3、国际贸易的研究方法
 4、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具
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