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Chapter 4
Greece and Iran,
1000-30 B.C.E.
Map of the Roman World, circa 250 C.E.
p102
Painted Cup of Arcesilas of Cyrene
p104
The Persian Empire Between
550 and 522 B.C.E.
Map 4.1 p106
Ancient Iran, 1000-500 B.C.E.,
Part 1
• Geography and Resources
• Mountains, deserts and water
• Metals and timber
Ancient Iran, 1000-500 B.C.E.,
Part 2
• The Rise of the Persian Empire
• Medes and Persians
• Cyrus, Cambyses and Darius I
• Imperial Organization
• Provinces, satraps and kingship
• Ideology and Religion
• Zoroastrianism
• Darius and the case for empire
Chronology of Greece and the Hellenistic World
and the Persian Empire, 1000-100 B.C.E.
Empty cell.
Greece and the Hellenistic World
Persian Empire
1000 B.C.E.
800 B.C.E.
1150-800 B.C.E. Greece's "Dark Age"
circa 800 B.C.E.. Resumption of Greek contact with
eastern Mediterranean
800-480 B.C.E.. Greece's Archaic period
circa 750-550 B.C.E. Era of colonization
circa 700 B.C.E. Beginning of hoplite warfare
circa 650-500 B.C.E. Era of tyrants
594 B.C.E. Solon reforms laws at Athens
circa 1000 B.C.E. Persians settle in southwest Iran
Empty cell
600 B.C.E.
546-510 B.C.E. Pisistratus and sons hold tyranny at
Athens
500 B.C.E.
400 B.C.E.
300 B.C.E.
100 B.C.E.
499-494 B.C.E. Ionian Creeks rebel against Persia
490 B.C.E. Athenians check Persian punitive expedition at
Marathon
480-323 B.C.E. Greece's Classical period
477 B.C.E. Athens becomes leader of Delian League
461-429 B.C.E. Pericles dominant at Athens; Athens
completes evolution to democracy
431-404 B.C.E. Peloponnesian War
399 B.C.E. Trial and execution of Socrates
359 B.C.E. Philip II becomes king of Macedonia
338 B.C.E. Philip takes control of Greece
circa 300 B.C.E. Foundation of the Museum in
Alexandria
200 B.C.E. First Roman intervention in the
Hellenistic East
30 B.C.E. Roman annexation of Egypt, the last
Hellenistic kingdom
550 B.C.E. Cyrus overthrows Medes
550-530 B.C.E. Reign of Cyrus
546 B.C.E. Cyrus conquers Lydia
539 B.C.E. Cyrus takes control of Babylonia
530-522 B.C.E. Reign of Cambyses; Conquest of Egypt
522-486 B.C.E. Reign of Darius
480-479 B.C.E. Xerxes' invasion of Greece
387 B.C.E. King's Peace makes Persia arbiter of Greek affairs
334-323 B.C.E. Alexander the Great defeats Persia and creates
huge empire
323-30 B.C.E. Hellenistic period
Empty cell.
Empty cell.
p107
Gold Model of Four-Horse Chariot from the Eastern
Achaemenid Empire
p108
Sculpted Images on a Stairwell at Persepolis,
circa 500 B.C.E.
p111
The Rise of the Greeks,
1000-500 B.C.E.
Part 1
• Geography and Resources
• Limited resources
• Natural harbors: trade
• Geography and political
organization
• The polis in environmental context
The Rise of the Greeks,
1000-500 B.C.E.
Part 2
• The Emergence of the Polis
• population growth and urbanization
• Colonization
• “Hellenes” vs “barbaroi”
• prosperity and democracy
The Rise of the Greeks,
1000-500 B.C.E.
Part 3
• New Intellectual Currents
individualism
the discipline of history
• Athens and Sparta
geography and political destiny
democracy vs. a slave state
Ancient Greece
Map 4.2 p115
The Acropolis at Athens
p117
Vase Painting Depicting a Sacrifice
to the God Apollo
p119
The Struggle of Persia and Greece,
546-323 B.C.E.
Part 1
• Early Encounters
• The Persian Wars
• The Height of Athenian Power (480-323
B.C.E.)
• Delian League
• Athenian naval power (triremes)
• Socrates and Plato
The Struggle of Persia and Greece,
546-323 B.C.E.,
Part 2
• Inequality in Classical Greece
• Athenian democracy in practice
• Women and Slaves
• Sexuality in Ancient Greece
• Failure of the City-State and Triumph of
the Macedonians
• Pelopponesian War and Philip’s
chance
Replica of Ancient Greek Trireme
p123
Peloponnesian War
p125
Dionysus in the Vineyard
p126
The Hellenistic Synthesis,
323-30 B.C.E.
•The Hellenistic Kingdoms
•Seleucid
•Antigonid
•Ptolemies
•Alexandria
•Hellenization
The Ptolemies
p128
Hellenistic Civilization
Map 4.3 p129
Tower of the Winds, Athens, Second Century B.C.E.
p131