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Human Services Today Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Chapter Three Early institutions have been located in remote locations – Pastoral settings were believed to have a calming influence – In addition, the general public did not want to be reminded about such things as mental health or correctional facilities Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Historical Comparison The goal of community based mental health services is to enable clients to interact with their environment in the least restrictive manner possible The focus has become health and wellness rather than illness Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Community Based Service Community based mental health focuses on health and wellness rather than illness – Other community organizations are used: schools, recreational facilities, religious organizations, etc. – Services are also extended to the family members Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Community Based Service Hospice care programs have taken the final stages of life out of the impersonal hospital and returned them to the dignity of the home – The focus is to help patients spend the final days of life with family in the comfort of home Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Community Based Service Corrections is designed to take persons from prison and/or local jails and place them in community based supervision – Halfway house are one example of this approach – Home confinement with electronic monitoring is another (house arrest) Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Community Based Service Schools are now a site for human services – Teachers encounter children with problems well suited to human services – School-based services or systems of care are common terms used to describe the integration of human services in the educational setting Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Community Based Service Challenges –Recruiting and training –Geography –Cost –Confidentiality –Isolation –Coordination Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services is the Rural Setting Those in the rural setting typically lack the opportunities or resources available in metropolitan setting The difficulty in providing adequate services to a small and dispersed population is also problematic The smaller population may also helps to creates stigmas associated with the need for human services Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Rural Setting Frequently, the rural setting may constitute an older population Frequently, the rural setting may constitute a more disadvantaged population – Socioeconomic – Minorities Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Rural Setting A creative approach is required: – Child welfare services – Transportation needs – Utilizing qualified or trained member already in the community – Home-based care – Video links and telemedicine Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Rural Setting Employers generally recognize that workers who are physically and psychologically well are better employees – Many employers have learned to recognize signs that indicate the need for assistance and encourage employees to seek help – Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are offered by most major corporations Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Industrial Setting The Federal Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act (Hughes Act: 1970) – Created the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. – This provided human services with a different approach from mental illness to the treatment of alcohol abuse Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Industrial Setting Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 – This was patterned after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – It provided those with disabilities access to equal employment – Allowed for access to the same services as those without disabilities Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Industrial Setting Meeting social needs for those in the military is unique when compared to those not in the military – The Service to Armed Forces (SAF) was created to help meet the needs the family of military personnel – Field offices were established in military hospitals and installations to assist with communication between military personnel and family members Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Human Services in the Military Setting Communication Information management Service delivery Professional development Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. The Impact of Technology E-mail Teleconferencing Cell phones/pagers World wide web New blogs, facebook, twitter Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Communication Coordination Organization Record of service provision Evaluations Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Information Management Software for clients E-therapy Online chat forums Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Client Services CD-ROMs Software for skill development Pod casting Online educational programs Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Professional Development Fee-for-service External review Care management Gate keeping Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Managed Care Terms External review of services Lowest level of care Outcomes Increased documentation Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Managed Care Principles Population International migration Urbanization Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. International Challenges Immigration Multiracial recognition Diversity Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. U.S. Challenges Aging Diversity Terrorism New Roles & Skills Partisanship Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Trends Racial Ethnic Religious Sexual Orientation Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Diversity Short-term Long-term Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Terrorism Consequences Clients vs. participants Advocacy Whole Person Economic downturns Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. New Roles and Skills