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Poetry
Narrative Poetry
 A verse that tells a story
 Example: “The Raven”, by Edgar Allen
Poe, page 244 of text
Dramatic Poetry
 A verse that relies heavily on dramatic
elements such as monologue (speech by
a single character) or dialogue
(conversation involving two or more
characters)
 Example: “Home Burial” by Robert Frost
– page 513 of text
Lyric Poetry
 A highly musical verse that expresses
the emotions of a speaker.
Types of Lyric Poetry
 Sonnet: a fourteen-line poem that
follows one of a number of different
rhyme schemes.
 Many sonnets deal with the subject of
love.
 Example: “Sonnet XXX” by Edna St.
Vincent Millay. Page 19 of text
Types of Lyric Poetry
 Ode: lofty lyric poem on a serious
theme.
 Example: “Thanatopsis” by William
Cullen Bryant. Page 199 of text.
Types of Lyric Poetry
 Free Verse: poetry that avoids use of
regular rhyme, meter, or division into
stanzas.
 Example: “Song of Myself” by Walt
Whitman, page 365 of text.
Types of Lyric Poetry
 Elegaic Poetry: expresses a speaker’s
feelings of loss, often because of the
death of a loved one or friend.
 Example: “When Lilacs Last in the
Dooryard Bloom’d” by Walt Whitman,
page 387 of text.
Types of Lyric Poetry
 Imagist Poetry: a lyric poem that
presents a single vivid picture in words.
Example: “The Red Wheelbarrow”, by
William Carlos Williams, page 532 of text
Meter
 Meter is a technique of poetry.
 Meter is the rhythmical pattern of the
poem.
 The rhythmical units are called “feet”
 A “foot” consists of weakly stressed and
strongly stressed syllables arranged in a
pattern.
 See page 15 of text for examples
Stanza Forms
 Couplet:
 Triplet or Tercet:
 Quatrain:
 Quintain:
 Sestet
 Heptastich
 Octave
2 lines
3 lines
4 lines
5 lines
6 lines
7 lines
8 lines
Poetry Sound
 Rhythm: the pattern of beats or stresses
in a line of verse or prose.
Poetry Sounds
 Rhyme: the repetition of sounds at the
ends of words.
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End rhyme: rhyme that occurs at the end
of lines.
Internal rhyme: rhyme within a line.
Slant rhyme: substitution of assonance or
consonance for true rhyme. Example:
bear/bore, or world/boiled.
Poetry Sounds
 Alliteration: the repetition of consonant
SOUNDS!!!
 Example: Sally sold seashells by the
seashore.
Poetry Sounds
 Assonance: the repetition of vowel
sounds
 Example: “…weak and weary…”
Poetry Sounds
 Onomatopoeia: sound words
 Example: “POW”, “ CLINK”, “BAM”
Figurative Language
 Writing or speech meant to be
understood imaginatively instead of
literally.
Types of Figurative Language
 Hyperbole: an exaggeration made for
rhetorical effect.
Types of Figurative Language
 Metaphor: one thing is spoken or written
about as if it were another
 Example: The teacher was a tall giant
when she entered the room.
Types of Figurative Language
 Personification: Giving human
characteristics to something non-human.
 Example: When people give their cars a
gender – “When I hit the accelerator, she
moves!” A car obviously does not have a
gender.
Types of Figurative Language
 Simile: A comparison using like or as.
 Example: I’m as hungry as a horse!
Types of Figurative Language
 Synecdoche: the name or part of
something is used in place of the name
of the whole, or vice versa.
 Example: The use of hired hands for
laborers.
Rhetorical Techniques
 Antithesis: words, phrases, or ideas are
strongly contrasted – often by means of
repetition of grammatical structures.
 Example: Lofty land / little men
Rhetorical Techniques
 Chiasmus: the order of occurrence of
words or phrases is reversed.
 Example: We can weather the changes,
but we can’t change the weather.
Rhetorical Techniques
 Parallelism: equal weight of two or more
ideas by expressing them in the same
grammatical form.
 Example: Abraham Lincoln’s phrase, “of
the people, by the people, for the
people.”
Rhetorical Techniques
 Repetition: the writer’s conscious reuse
of a sound, word, phrase, sentence, or
other element.
Rhetorical Techniques
 Rhetorical Question: a question is asked
for effect but not meant to be answered.
Abstract or Abstraction
 Something that you cannot see, touch,
or feel with your hands, but it generates
an emotion.
 Example: Love, Death, Birth, etc.
Fulcrum
 A fulcrum is a poem that has balance –
similar to a see-saw.
 It follows the format of an equal number
of words on the first and third lines.
 The second line is shorter, but has the
most impact, and the top and bottom
lines balance on its axis.
Acrostic
 A poem where the first letter of each
word spells a word when you put them
all together.
 Example:
P – Perfect
E – Excellent
N – Nice
N – Neat
Y - Yellow
Word Walk Poem
 The first word of the first line becomes
the second word of the second line, then
the third word of the third line, fourth
word of the fourth line, and so forth.
The End!!!