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Chpt 2, Part 1 Minerals Objectives 1. Describe what minerals are, and their 4 characteristics. 2. Distinguish between rocks and minerals. 3. Describe what crystals are. 4. Explain what silicates are, and why they are important to Earth. What about rocks and minerals? --Planet Earth is filled with thousands of ______________________________________. --The study of rocks and minerals is called ______________________. --Minerals are ___________, _______________, and ________________ materials that make rocks and soil. --There are _____ characteristics that make something a mineral. Minerals—Characteristics 1. All Minerals are made by ________________________, like evaporation, dissolving, or cooling magma. Ex; _________________ cave crystals are formed underground from minerals __________________________ in water. 2. All minerals are inorganic—meaning that nothing about them is made by ________________________________, ect. Ex; Coal is NOT a mineral because it is made from _______________________________, but Silicon is a mineral. 3. All minerals are either an element or _____________________ with a definite composition (AKA: ____________) Ex: Table Salt’s composition is NaCl (Sodium Chloride) but Rock Salt’s Composition is CaCl (Calcium Chloride). 4. All minerals are solid objects, and are usually in ___________________. -- Crystals are solids with atoms __________________in a certain, ___________________________. --Different minerals form _______________________________________. --It’s the _____________ of the crystal’s _____________ that give them their __________. Ex: Quartz is a silicate mineral made from Silicon and Oxygen Silicon is also a mineral because it’s ___________, but Oxygen is NOT a mineral because it’s a _________. There are over __________________minerals found in the Earth! Also most gemstones are types of minerals. More examples of Minerals: _____________,____________, _______________, and _______________ Non-examples of Minerals: _________________, petrified wood, __________, bone, ___________ (because they were once alive, or not a solid) Silicates --Silicates are special minerals that who’s _________________________ are ______________ and _______________, the 2 most common elements found in the Earth’s crust. --Silicates are known as the ______________________________________ because most rocks are made from silicates. Silicates--Examples : Sand, __________, quartz, __________ and ______________ are common silicates that make up __________________ Rock. Review questions 1. what is a mineral, and what do they do? 2. What does it mean when they say minerals are inorganic? 3. What are the 4 characteristics that let you know if something is a mineral? 4. X out the examples below that ARE NOT minerals…. Cotton iron silicates oil quartz Oxygen gypsum 5. What is a crystal, and what about them gives them their shape? 6. Why are silicates important to the Earth? 7. If you can see what elements are in a given compound, how would you know it’s a silicate, and NOT any other mineral?