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Mental Health JOHANNA FALLS AND MICHAEL MCGUIRE OLATHE SCHOOL DISTRICT SOCIAL WORKERS Objective? Take away an “Aha” What are Mental Health problems? A diagnosable illness that affects a person’s thinking, emotional state, and behavior and disrupts the person’s ability to work or carry out other daily activities and engage in satisfying personal relationships. There are different types of mental illness. Some are common such as depression and anxiety and some are not so common such as schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder. Why talk about Mental Health? Mental health problems are common Mental health problems often develop during adolescence The sooner an individual gets help, the more likely they are to have a positive outcome Misunderstanding and discrimination are often associated with mental health problems Professional help is not always on hand, initial interventions start with you Why talk about MH cont. There are more than 200 classified forms of mental illness An estimated 54 million Americans suffer from some form of mental disorder in a given year. (MHA, 2015) A national survey found that 20% of children and youth are affected by a mental disorder in a given year. 57% of the population will have a diagnosis of or a diagnosable disorder in their lifetime Prevalence Anxiety- 31.9% Behavior Disorders- 19.1% Mood Disorder- 14.3% Substances Abuse Disorder- 11.4% ADHD- 11% Depression- 12.5% **It is important to note that mental disorders often occur in combination Mental Health Warning Signs Depressed mood and/or mood swings Unrealistic or excessive anxiety or guilt Excessive irritability or anger Helplessness or hopelessness Crying spells Withdrawal from others Frequent self criticism Pessimism MH Warning Signs Cont. Inability to manage responsibilities Seemingly disinterested in personal appearance Use of drugs and/or alcohol Obsessive or compulsive behavior Avoidance or phobic behavior Difficulty making decisions, concentrating or remembering Delusions or hallucinations Thoughts of death and suicide Warning sign or typical development? Examine the impact of change Is the youth struggling: In school? In social settings? In daily activities? Symptoms of a mental illness can often appear similar to typical development during this period Depression- Signs and Symptoms Sad mood Loss of enjoyment Avoids spending time with friends Lack of energy Feeling worthless Thinking about death or wanting to be dead Moving slowly or agitated and unable to settle Having sleeping difficulties or sleeping too much Changes in eating habits Use of alcohol or other drugs Interventions- Depression Ask “Are you going to kill yourself?” DO NOT be afraid to ask if they are having suicidal thoughts or a plan to kill themselves Listen - focus on the needs of the person you are helping Provide emotional support and give hope Seek professional help for severe symptoms and/or symptoms persisting over time Encourage self-help and coping strategies Anxiety Anxiety Signs and Symptoms Pounding heart rate, chest pain, rapid changes in heartbeat, and blushing Racing thoughts, decrease concentration and memory, indecisiveness Rapid shallow breathing, shortness of breath, headache, sweating, tingling, numbness Irritability, impatient, anger, confusion, feeling on edge, nervousness, sleep disturbances Avoidance of situations, OCD behaviors Distress in social situations Phobic behavior Increased use of drugs and alcohol Choking, stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches and pains, shaking, tremors Unrealistic fear or worry Types of Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorders and Agoraphobia- a sudden onset of intense apprehension, fear or terror Phobic Disorders including- social phobia, separation anxiety, PTSD, OCD It is not unusual for a person to have more than one type of anxiety disorder Nearly ½ of the people with an anxiety disorder also have depression Interventions- ANXIETY Assess the situation. Is this a medical emergency? The goal is to help the person regulate their breathing and regain control of their thoughts Listen to how they feel Be patient - don’t be afraid to allow for silence Offer consistent emotional support and validation Encourage self-help strategies- relaxation techniques DO NOT trivialize fears Self-Injury Self-Injury Behavior Signs & Symptoms Cuts on arms and legs Increased isolation Wearing long sleeves/pants despite weather to hide injury Acquiring sharp objects such as razor blades Scratches or other injury that don’t appear to heal Self-Injury Non-suicidal self-injury is the act of deliberately harming the surface of your own body, such as cutting or burning yourself It's typically not meant as a suicide attempt It is an unhealthy way to cope with emotional pain, intense anger and frustration Types of self-injury Cutting (cuts or severe scratches with a sharp object) Scratching Burning (with lit matches, cigarettes or hot, sharp objects like knives) Carving words or symbols on the skin Hitting or punching Piercing the skin with sharp objects Pulling out hair Persistently picking at or interfering with wound healing Why do people self-injure? To escape unbearable anguish To change the behavior of others To escape a situation To show desperation to others To “get back at” other people To gain relief from tension To seek help Interventions – Self-Injury Behavior (SIB) Assess the injury and if necessary seek immediate medical help Recognize that self-injury is usually a symptom of serious psychological distress Avoid negative reactions to the self-injury Discuss the situation calmly Focus on ways to stop the distress Encourage positive coping skills instead Interventions –SIB cont. What NOT to Do Focus on stopping self-injury Trivialize the feelings or situations that have led to selfinjury Punish the person Threaten to withdraw mental health care Suicide Signs & Symptoms Talking, writing or posting about wanting to die or kill themselves Giving away personal possessions Looking for a way to kill themselves, such as searching online or buying a gun Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live Withdrawing or isolating Displaying extreme mood swings Suicide -Interventions If someone has attempted suicide or has a plan to attempt suicide immediate action is required Get the person to the hospital and/or call 911 immediately If person is talking about suicide but does not have an immediate plan get them to a professional that can create a safety plan and professionally assess the situation ASAP Maintain constant supervision Self-Injury vs. Suicide Self-Injury and suicide are NOT directly linked Main difference is intent Intention of suicide is to end their life Intention of self-injury is to provide immediate relief of intense feelings Signs & Symptoms Eating Disorder Dieting behaviors, evidence of binge eating Deliberate vomiting or laxative use Bathroom use immediately after a meal Excessive exercise, obsessive, or ritualistic exercise patterns Avoidance of meals, especially when in social settings Lying about amount consumed Low self-esteem Disorientation, fainting, difficulty breathing Types of Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa About half of anorexia patients have comorbid anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder (BED) More than half of those suffering from Bulimia or BED have comorbid anxiety disorder About half of those suffering from Bulimia or BED have a comorbid mood disorder Interventions -Eating Disorders There is a high risk of death with eating disorders Allow the person to discuss their concerns, do not focus on weight or food, rather the eating behaviors Do not comment positively or negatively on the persons weight or appearance Let them know you want them to be healthy and happy Encourage positive self-talk and look for ways to increase self-esteem Behavior Disorders Behavior Disorder Signs & Symptoms Antisocial behaviors Sociopathic tendencies that cause serious harm to others Often loses temper with others Argues with adults Actively defies or refuses to comply with requests or rules Blames others for his or her mistakes Deliberately annoys other people Aggressive and cruel toward people and animals BD Signs & Symptoms cont. Deliberately intimidates other people Bullying Revenge-seeking behaviors Lying Stealing Conniving Willful destruction of property Disruptive Behavior Disorders ADHD- inattention, over activity, impulsivity Symptoms prior to 7 years old ODD- a pattern of defiance/disobedience/hostility towards authority Conduct Disorder- aggressive behaviors, bullying, truancy, fighting *** ODD/Conduct disorder behaviors would not meet criteria for special education, although these are often comorbid with other mental health diagnosis. Interventions -Behavior Disorders Plan ahead in the event of physical aggression Use “I” statements to avoid defensiveness Do not get drawn into argument Only communicate when people are calm Do not make excuses for behavior Use consistent consequences paired with well-defined expectations Provide positive and meaningful activities Personality Disorders People with personality disorders (PD) display personality traits that are noticeably different from other people, and that show up and cause trouble in most life situations Traits are rigid and difficult to change; they impact emotions, impulse control and judgment, and relationships with others Unstable personal relationships, self-image, emotions Reckless impulsivity may cause people with this disorder to act in self-destructive ways Mental Health interventions Therapy and/or medication are the most common Therapeutic approaches are vast and varied and are often dependent on diagnosis Therapist often specialize in a treatment model and/or diagnosis An important factor to consider with therapy is the relationship between mental health provider and person receiving services You get out what you put in Professional Help School social workers ------------- Doctors (pediatricians/primary care physicians/psychiatrists) Nurse practitioners/physician assistants Mental health professionals social workers, LPC, LMFT Drug and alcohol specialists School counselors Nutrition experts SRO Medication as treatment Discussions regarding the use of medication should include the family healthcare provider Trials are often needed to identify the best medication and the correct dose Monitoring medication use is critical in youth Oftentimes medications need to build up in the system and can take weeks to work at full capacity Some medications should not be stopped abruptly Keep medications locked Crisis Services Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Olathe PD non emergency number 913-782-0720 or 911. Johnson County Mental Health Crisis Line 913-268-0156 Elizabeth Layton Center after hours 1800-241-1266. Suicide Prevention Line 1-800-273-Talk Wyandot Center 24 hr crisis line 913-788-4200 What is your Aha moment?
