Download Graphing Trends in the Periodic Table

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Graphing Trends in the Periodic Table
Problem
Are certain properties of elements periodic functions of their atomic numbers?
Materials
Graph Paper
2 Colored pencils
Ruler
Procedure
Graph 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Use the periodic table on the following page.
For elements 3 – 20, make a graph of the atomic radius vs atomic number.
Plot the atomic number on the X-axis and the atomic radius on the Y-axis.
Make sure each scale is uniform and covers the range of numbers to be plotted.
Label the graph. Include a title and labels for each axis.
Graph 2
1. For elements in Family IA, make a graph of the atomic radius vs atomic number.
2. On the same graph, use a different color to make a graph of the atomic radius as a function of the atomic
number for Family IIA.
3. Make sure each scale is uniform and covers the range of numbers to be plotted.
4. Label the graph. Include a title and labels for each axis. Also include a key for the two lines.
Graph 3
1. For elements 3 – 20, make a graph of the energy required to remove the easiest electron vs atomic
number.
2. Plot the atomic number on the X-axis and the energy required on the Y-axis.
3. Make sure each scale is uniform and covers the range of numbers to be plotted.
4. Label the graph. Include a title and labels for each axis.
Graph 4
1. For elements in Family IA, make a graph of the energy required to remove the easiest electron vs
atomic number.
2. On the same graph, use a different color to make a graph of the energy required to remove the easiest
electron as a function of atomic number for Family IIA.
3. Make sure each scale is uniform and covers the range of numbers to be plotted.
4. Label the graph. Include a title and labels for each axis.
1
IA
2
3
4
5
6
IIA
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
1.23
0.89
0.80
0.77
0.70
0.66
0.64
0.67
124
215
191
260
335
314
402
497
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
1.57
1.36
1.25
1.17
1.10
1.04
0.99
0.98
119
176
138
188
242
239
299
363
19
20
K
Ca
2.03
1.74
100
141
37
38
8
Atomic Number
Rb
Sr
O
Symbol
2.16
1.91
0.66
Atomic Radius
96
131
314
Energy required
to remove the
easiest electron
55
56
Cs
Ba
2.35
1.98
90
120
2
Observations
1. What happens to the atomic radius as the atomic number increases across a period?
2. What happens to the atomic radius as the atomic number increases down a family?
3. What happens to the energy needed to remove an electron as the atomic number increases
across a period?
4. What happens to the energy needed to remove an electron as the atomic number increases down
a family?
Conclusions
1. What properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number?
2. Why does atomic radius change as it does?
3. Why does energy required to remove an electron change as it does?
3