Download Urinary practice test - Belle Vernon Area School District

Urinary practice test
1. Which of these buffer molecules is able to combine with the least number of individual hydrogen ions?
A. one phosphate ion
B. one protein
C. one bicarbonate ion
2. _______________ increases reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions.
A. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
C. Atrial natriuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin II
3. ________________ increases the ability of the kidneys to produce a concentrated urine.
A. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
C. Atrial natriuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin II
4. The functional unit of the kidney is called
A. the nephron.
B. the pyramid.
C. the renal pelvis.
D. the renal cortex.
E. the hilum.
5. The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the
A. distal tubule.
B. descending limb of the loop of Henle.
C. Bowman's capsule.
D. proximal tubule.
E. collecting duct.
6. In the proximal tubule, K+ ions are _________ while in the distal tubule and collecting duct, K+ ions are
_________.
A. secreted; reabsorbed
B. reabsorbed; secreted
C. secreted; secreted
D. reabsorbed; reabsorbed
E. created; destroyed
7. The micturition reflex
A. is initiated by stretching the bladder wall.
B. is integrated in the spinal cord.
C. results in parasympathetic action potentials causing the urinary bladder to contract.
D. can be inhibited by higher brain centers.
E. has all of these characteristics.
8. The location on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery and vein, renal nerve, and ureter attach to
the kidney is the
A. renal fat pad.
B. hilum.
C. renal sinus.
D. renal pelvis.
E. renal pyramid.
9. Aldosterone
A. secretion is stimulated by angiotensin II.
B. stimulates the absorption of sodium and chloride ions from the lumen of the nephron.
C. decreases urine volume.
D. increases blood volume.
E. produces all of these effects.
10. The mechanism for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the medulla require(s)
A. active transport of Na+ ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
B. active transport of Na+ ions from the ascending limb of the Vasa Recta.
C. the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water.
D. the descending limb of the loop of Henle to be impermeable to water.
E. All of these are correct.
11. All of the following will lead to the production of highly concentrated urine & less urine volume EXCEPT:
A. high levels of ADH
B. increased levels of ANP (Atrial Natiuretic Peptide)
C. increased levels of renin
D. stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
E. increased levels of angiotensin II
12. Atrial natriuretic factor
A. is secreted from cells in the right atrium of the heart when blood pressure decreases.
B. produces a large volume of urine.
C. increases blood volume.
D. increases blood pressure.
E. produces all of these effects.
13. Buffers
A. contain salts of weak acids or weak bases.
B. release hydrogen ions when a base is added to the solution.
C. keep hydrogen ion concentration and pH within a narrow range.
D. include phosphate, protein, and bicarbonate systems.
E. All of these are correct statements.
14. In which of the following areas of the nephron is the filtrate the LEAST concentrated assuming high levels
of ADH are present?
A. distal tubule
B. at the end of the descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. at the end of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D. at the end of the proximal tubule
E. collecting duct
15. Renin is an enzyme that acts on
A. angiotensinogen.
B. angiotensin II.
C. aldosterone.
D. angiotensin I.
E. atrial natriuretic factor.
16. _____________ directly increases vasoconstriction.
A. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
C. Atrial natriuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin II
17. In the distal tubule and collecting duct
A. sodium and chloride ions are actively reabsorbed.
B. water moves out by osmosis when ADH is present.
C. potassium ions are secreted.
D. all of these events occur.
E. none of these events occur in distal tubules, which are always impermeable to solutes and water.
18. The internal urinary sphincter is made of __________ muscle and under __________ control.
A. skeletal, voluntary
B. skeletal, involuntary
C. smooth, voluntary
D. smooth, involuntary
19. The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid is catalyzed by
A. phosphates.
B. carbonic anhydrase.
C. renin.
D. aldosterone.
E. calcitonin.
20. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
A. removes solutes from the filtrate.
B. is permeable to sodium ions.
C. is not permeable to water.
D. produces hypoosmotic filtrate.
E. has all of these properties.
21. The primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water is
A. the glomerulus.
B. the proximal tubule.
C. the loop of Henle.
D. the distal tubule.
E. the collecting duct.
22. Which of these cannot pass through the filtration membrane?
A. water
B. small solutes
C. ions
D. cells
E. glucose
23. Renal arteriosclerosis would
A. increase renin secretion.
B. increase blood volume.
C. increase blood pressure.
D. inhibit ADH secretion.
E. produce all of these effects.
24. Holding one's breath for two minutes would be expected to cause
A. the pH of the blood to go up.
B. no change in the pH of the blood.
C. the pH of the blood to go down.
25. A decrease in blood osmolality directly produces or leads to
A. an increase in ADH production.
B. an increase in urine production.
C. an increase in blood volume.
D. an increase in urine osmolality.
E. all of these effects.
Urinary practice test Key
1. Which of these buffer molecules is able to combine with the least number of individual hydrogen ions?
a. one phosphate ion
b. one protein
C. one bicarbonate ion
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #40
Type: Knowledge
2. _______________ increases reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of potassium ions.
a. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Aldosterone
c. Atrial natriuretic hormone
d. Angiotensin II
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #48
Type: Knowledge
3. ________________ increases the ability of the kidneys to produce a concentrated urine.
A. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
b. Aldosterone
c. Atrial natriuretic hormone
d. Angiotensin II
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #49
Type: Knowledge
4. The functional unit of the kidney is called
A. the nephron.
b. the pyramid.
c. the renal pelvis.
d. the renal cortex.
e. the hilum.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #4
Type: Knowledge
5. The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the
a. distal tubule.
b. descending limb of the loop of Henle.
c. Bowman's capsule.
D. proximal tubule.
e. collecting duct.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #56
Type: Knowledge
6. In the proximal tubule, K+ ions are _________ while in the distal tubule and collecting duct, K+ ions are
_________.
a. secreted; reabsorbed
B. reabsorbed; secreted
c. secreted; secreted
d. reabsorbed; reabsorbed
e. created; destroyed
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #69
Type: Knowledge
7. The micturition reflex
a. is initiated by stretching the bladder wall.
b. is integrated in the spinal cord.
c. results in parasympathetic action potentials causing the urinary bladder to contract.
d. can be inhibited by higher brain centers.
E. has all of these characteristics.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #32
Type: Knowledge
8. The location on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery and vein, renal nerve, and ureter attach to
the kidney is the
a. renal fat pad.
B. hilum.
c. renal sinus.
d. renal pelvis.
e. renal pyramid.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #1
Type: Knowledge
9. Aldosterone
a. secretion is stimulated by angiotensin II.
b. stimulates the absorption of sodium and chloride ions from the lumen of the nephron.
c. decreases urine volume.
d. increases blood volume.
E. produces all of these effects.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #29
Type: Knowledge
10. The mechanism for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the medulla require(s)
A. active transport of Na+ ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
b. active transport of Na+ ions from the ascending limb of the Vasa Recta.
c. the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water.
d. the descending limb of the loop of Henle to be impermeable to water.
e. All of these are correct.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #61
Type: Knowledge
11. All of the following will lead to the production of highly concentrated urine & less urine volume EXCEPT:
a. high levels of ADH
B. increased levels of ANP (Atrial Natiuretic Peptide)
c. increased levels of renin
d. stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
e. increased levels of angiotensin II
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #60
Type: Comprehension
12. Atrial natriuretic factor
a. is secreted from cells in the right atrium of the heart when blood pressure decreases.
B. produces a large volume of urine.
c. increases blood volume.
d. increases blood pressure.
e. produces all of these effects.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #30
Type: Knowledge
13. Buffers
a. contain salts of weak acids or weak bases.
b. release hydrogen ions when a base is added to the solution.
c. keep hydrogen ion concentration and pH within a narrow range.
d. include phosphate, protein, and bicarbonate systems.
E. All of these are correct statements.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #39
Type: Knowledge
14. In which of the following areas of the nephron is the filtrate the LEAST concentrated assuming high levels
of ADH are present?
a. distal tubule
b. at the end of the descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. at the end of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
d. at the end of the proximal tubule
e. collecting duct
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #67
Type: Comprehension
15. Renin is an enzyme that acts on
A. angiotensinogen.
b. angiotensin II.
c. aldosterone.
d. angiotensin I.
e. atrial natriuretic factor.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #28
Type: Knowledge
16. _____________ directly increases vasoconstriction.
a. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
b. Aldosterone
c. Atrial natriuretic hormone
D. Angiotensin II
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #52
Type: Knowledge
17. In the distal tubule and collecting duct
a. sodium and chloride ions are actively reabsorbed.
b. water moves out by osmosis when ADH is present.
c. potassium ions are secreted.
D. all of these events occur.
e. none of these events occur in distal tubules, which are always impermeable to solutes and water.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #22
Type: Knowledge
18. The internal urinary sphincter is made of __________ muscle and under __________ control.
a. skeletal, voluntary
b. skeletal, involuntary
c. smooth, voluntary
D. smooth, involuntary
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #54
Type: Knowledge
19. The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid is catalyzed by
a. phosphates.
B. carbonic anhydrase.
c. renin.
d. aldosterone.
e. calcitonin.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #41
Type: Knowledge
20. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
a. removes solutes from the filtrate.
b. is permeable to sodium ions.
c. is not permeable to water.
d. produces hypoosmotic filtrate.
E. has all of these properties.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #21
Type: Knowledge
21. The primary site for reabsorption of solutes and water is
a. the glomerulus.
B. the proximal tubule.
c. the loop of Henle.
d. the distal tubule.
e. the collecting duct.
Difficulty: Easy
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #17
Type: Knowledge
22. Which of these cannot pass through the filtration membrane?
a. water
b. small solutes
c. ions
D. cells
e. glucose
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #15
Type: Comprehension
23. Renal arteriosclerosis would
a. increase renin secretion.
b. increase blood volume.
c. increase blood pressure.
d. inhibit ADH secretion.
E. produce all of these effects.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #46
Type: Comprehension
24. Holding one's breath for two minutes would be expected to cause
a. the pH of the blood to go up.
b. no change in the pH of the blood.
C. the pH of the blood to go down.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #47
Type: Comprehension
25. A decrease in blood osmolality directly produces or leads to
a. an increase in ADH production.
B. an increase in urine production.
c. an increase in blood volume.
d. an increase in urine osmolality.
e. all of these effects.
Difficulty: Moderate
Seeley - 018 Urinary... #26
Type: Comprehension
Category
# of Questions
Difficulty: Easy
12
Difficulty: Moderate
13
Seeley - 018 Urinary...
25
Type: Comprehension
6
Type: Knowledge
19