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4. Genetics Study Guide (Year)
Instruction: Answer each question you may use notes, text book, etc. This will help you prepare
you for the unit test, but may be used on the unit test.
1. Why do offspring look like their parents?
Because they inherit genetic material from the parents.
2. List some characteristics that are inherited.
For example: hair color, dimples, skin color, eye color, and widow’s
peak.
3. List some characteristics that are not inherited.
For example: hair length, taste in books, taste in clothing, and
favorite music.
4. What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?
Heredity.
5. What is the hereditary material in a cell?
DNA.
6. What is the function of DNA?
Directs cell functions.
7.
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that determines a particular trait.
8. What is the segment of DNA that determines the inheritance of a particular trait is
called?
Gene.
9. How are traits inherited from parents?
DNA is passed from parent to offspring
10. How do offspring get their genetic information?
parents pass the information on (during fertilization)
11.
How much DNA does an offspring inherit from each parent?
50% from mom and 50% from dad
12.
How many sets of instructions does a fertilized egg receive from EACH parent?
1 set from each parent
13. If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible genotypes can
be found in the offspring?
three (BB, Bb, bb)
For the question(s) that follow: A geneticist crosses a white flower (with the
genotype pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype PP)
14. For the above cross what would be the possible genotypes of the offspring?
all Pp
15. For the above cross, what would the possible phenotypes be?
all purple
16. If a purple flower with the genotype Pp (P = purple; p = white) mates with another
purple flower with the genotype Pp, what would be the probability of their offspring having
a phenotype of purple?
3:4
17. If a purple flower with the genotype Pp (P = purple; p = white) mates with another
purple flower with the genotype Pp, what would be the probability of their offspring having
a genotype of Pp?
50%
18. If a purple flower with the genotype Pp (P= purple; p=white) mates with a white
flowered plant pp, what would be the probability that their offspring would have a
phenotype of white?
2:4 OR 1:2 if simplified
19. If a purple flower with the genotype Pp (P= purple; p=white) mates with a white
flowered plant pp, what would be the probability that their offspring would have a genotype
of PP?
0%
Examine the Punnett square below, and then answer the questions that follow.
20.
What is the genotype of the unknown parent?
TT
21.
What is a phenotype?
an observable trait
22.
What is a genotype?
the alleles an organism has
23.
List several examples of genotypes.
24.
List several examples of phenotypes.
25.
What is a trait that requires two of the same alleles to be observed is called?
26.
What is a trait that requires only one allele to be observed called?
27.
The form of a trait which shows up even when only inherited from one parent is the
_______form.
Tt, TT, tt, Pp, Bb, etc.
tall pea plant, brown hair, attached earlobes
recessive trait
dominant trait
dominant
28.
The form of the trait which shows up only when inherited from both parents is the
________ form.
recessive
29.
A bent little finger is an inherited trait which is present even when inherited only
from one parent. What type of trait is this?
dominant
30.
Freckles is a trait which only shows up when inherited from both parents. What type
of trait is this?
recessive
31.
Tongue rolling is a dominant trait, which means that someone who can roll their tongue
has inherited this trait from at least how many parents?
at least one parent
Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
Dominant
Traits
Recessive
Traits
32.
tongue rolling = R crooked fingers = C
brown eyes = B
6 fingers/toes = P
non-rolling = r
blue eyes = b
5 fingers/toes = p
straight fingers = c
If a woman has the genotype Cc what would her phenotype be?
crooked fingers
33.
If a man has the genotype PP what would his phenotype be?
6 fingers/toes
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
If a woman had the genotype rr what would her phenotype be?
non-rolling tongue
If a man had the genotype Bb what would his phenotype be?
brown eyes
What are alleles?
alternative forms of a gene
How are genes different form alleles?
genes determine trait and combination of alleles determines genes
What are traits?
inherited characteristics
39.
How are traits related to genes?
traits are passed on through genes
40.
What is an inherited characteristic of an organism called?
41.
What are Traits are controlled by?
traits
genes
42.
Why is mitosis necessary?
cell reproduction, replaces dead or damaged cells, allows an
organism to grow
Examine the diagram below and
use it to answer the questions
that follow.
http://www.mrothery.co.uk/cellcycleand
repro/mitosisq1.htm
43. Which picture represents the phase
where DNA is replicated and
other cell materials are copied?
C
44. Which picture represents the phase where chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite
sides of the cell?
A
45. Which picture represents the phase in which the nuclear membrane breaks down and
DNA condense into chromosomes?
B
46. Which picture represents the phase where the chromosomes line up along the equator
of the cell.
E
47. Which picture represents the phase where nuclear membranes form around the two
sets of chromosomes?
D
48. Why is it necessary for the cell to duplicate DNA during mitosis?
so the daughter cells will be identical to the mother cell